Python API

Almost all symbols of the API available in our RNAlib C-library is wrapped for use in Python using swig. That makes our fast and efficient algorithms and tools available for third-party Python programs and scripting languages.

Note

Our Python API is automatically generated and translated from our C-library documentation. If you find anything problematic or want to to help us improve the documentation, do not hesitate to contact us or make a PR at our official github repository.

Installation

The Python interface is usually part of the installation of the ViennaRNA Package, see also Installation and Scripting Language Interfaces.

If for any reason your installation does not provide our Python interface or in cases where you don’t want to install the full ViennaRNA Package but only the Python bindings to RNAlib, you may also install them via Pythons pip:

python -m pip install viennarna

Usage

To use our Python bindings simply import the RNA or ViennaRNA package like

import RNA

or

import ViennaRNA

The RNA module that provides access to our RNAlib C-library can also be imported directly using

from RNA import RNA

or

from ViennaRNA import RNA

Note

In previous release of the ViennaRNA Packge, only the RNA package/module has been available. Since version 2.6.2 we maintain the ViennaRNA project at https://pypi.org. The former maintainer additionally introduced the ViennaRNA package which we intend to keep and extend in future releases.

Global Variables

For the Python interface(s) SWIG places global variables of the C-library into an additional namespace cvar. For instance, changing the global temperature variable thus becomes

RNA.cvar.temperature = 25

Pythonic interface

Since our library is written in C the functions we provide in our API might seem awkward for users more familiar with Pythons object oriented fashion. Therefore, we spend some effort on creating a more pythonic interface here. In particular, we tried to group together particular data structures and functions operating on them to derive classes and objects with corresponding methods attached.

If you browse through our reference manual, many C-functions have additional SWIG Wrapper Notes in their description. These descriptions should give an idea how the function is available in the Python interface. Usually, our C functions, data structures, typedefs, and enumerations use the vrna_ prefixes and _s, _t, _e suffixes. Those decorators are useful in C but of less use in the context of Python packages or modules. Therefore, these prefixes and suffixes are dropped from the Python interface.

Object orientation

Consider the C-function vrna_fold_compound(). This creates a vrna_fold_compound_t data structure that is then passed around to various functions, e.g. to vrna_mfe() to compute the MFE structure. A corresponding C-code may look like this:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <ViennaRNA/utils/basic.h>
#include <ViennaRNA/fold_compound.h>
#include <ViennaRNA/mfe.h>

int
main(int  argc,
     char *argv[])
{
  char *seq, *ss;
  float mfe;
  vrna_fold_compound_t *fc;

  seq = "AGACGACAAGGUUGAAUCGCACCCACAGUCUAUGAGUCGGUG";
  ss  = vrna_alloc(sizeof(char) * (strlen(seq) + 1));
  fc  = vrna_fold_compound(seq, NULL, VRNA_OPTION_DEFAULT);
  mfe = vrna_mfe(fc, ss);

  printf("%s\n%s (%6.2f)\n", seq, ss, mfe);

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

In our Python interface, the vrna_fold_compound_t data structure becomes the RNA.fold_compound class, the vrna_fold_compound() becomes one of its constructors and the vrna_mfe() function becomes the method RNA.fold_compound.mfe(). So, the Python code would probably translate to something like

import RNA

seq = "AGACGACAAGGUUGAAUCGCACCCACAGUCUAUGAGUCGGUG"
fc  = RNA.fold_compound(seq)
(ss, mfe) = fc.mfe()

print(f"{seq}\n{ss} ({mfe:6.2f})")

Note

The C-function vrna_mfe() actually returns two values, the MFE in units of \(\text{kcal} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1}\) and the corresponding MFE structure. The latter is written to the ss pointer. This is necessary since C functions can at most return one single value. In Python, function and methods may return arbitrarily many values instead, and in addition, passing parameters to a function or method such that it changes its content is generally discouraged. Therefore, our functions that return values through function parameters usually return them regularly in the Python interface.

Lists and Tuples

C-functions in our API that return or receive list-like data usually utilize pointers. Since there are no such things in Python, they would be wrapped as particular kind of objects that would then be tedious to work with. For the Python interface, we therefore tried to wrap the majority of these instances to native Python types, such as list or tuple. Therefore, one can usually pass a list to a function that uses pointers to array in C, and expect to receive a list or tuple from functions that return pointers to arrays.

Energy Parameters

Energy parameters are compiled into our library, so there is usually no necessity to load them from a file. All parameter files shipped with the ViennaRNA Package can be loaded by simply calling any of the dedicated functions:

Examples

A few more Python code examples can be found here.

The RNA Python module

A library for the prediction and comparison of RNA secondary structures.

Amongst other things, our implementations allow you to:

  • predict minimum free energy secondary structures

  • calculate the partition function for the ensemble of structures

  • compute various equilibrium probabilities

  • calculate suboptimal structures in a given energy range

  • compute local structures in long sequences

  • predict consensus secondary structures from a multiple sequence alignment

  • predict melting curves

  • search for sequences folding into a given structure

  • compare two secondary structures

  • predict interactions between multiple RNA molecules

class RNA.COORDINATE

Bases: object

this is a workarround for the SWIG Perl Wrapper RNA plot function that returns an array of type COORDINATE

X
Type:

float

Y
Type:

float

C++ includes
Type:

ViennaRNA/plotting/layouts.h

property X
property Y
get(i)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.ConstCharVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.CoordinateVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.DoubleDoubleVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.DoublePair(*args)

Bases: object

property first
property second
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.DoubleVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.DuplexVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.E_ExtLoop(type, si1, sj1, P)
RNA.E_Hairpin(size, type, si1, sj1, string, P)

Compute the Energy of a hairpin-loop.

To evaluate the free energy of a hairpin-loop, several parameters have to be known. A general hairpin-loop has this structure:

a3 a4

a2 a5 a1 a6

X - Y | | 5’ 3’

where X-Y marks the closing pair [e.g. a (G,C) pair]. The length of this loop is 6 as there are

six unpaired nucleotides (a1-a6) enclosed by (X,Y). The 5’ mismatching nucleotide is a1 while the 3’ mismatch is a6. The nucleotide sequence of this loop is “a1.a2.a3.a4.a5.a6”

Parameters:

  • size (int) – The size of the loop (number of unpaired nucleotides)

  • type (int) – The pair type of the base pair closing the hairpin

  • si1 (int) – The 5’-mismatching nucleotide

  • sj1 (int) – The 3’-mismatching nucleotide

  • string (string) – The sequence of the loop (May be NULL, otherwise mst be at least \(size + 2\) long)

  • P (RNA.param() *) – The datastructure containing scaled energy parameters

Returns:

The Free energy of the Hairpin-loop in dcal/mol

Return type:

int

Warning

Not (really) thread safe! A threadsafe implementation will replace this function in a future release!

Energy evaluation may change due to updates in global variable “tetra_loop”

See also

scale_parameters, RNA.param

Note

The parameter sequence should contain the sequence of the loop in capital letters of the nucleic acid alphabet if the loop size is below 7. This is useful for unusually stable tri-, tetra- and hexa-loops which are treated differently (based on experimental data) if they are tabulated.

RNA.E_IntLoop(n1, n2, type, type_2, si1, sj1, sp1, sq1, P)

This function computes the free energy \(\Delta G\) of an interior-loop with the following structure:

3’ 5’ | | U - V

a_n b_1

. . . . . .

a_1 b_m

X - Y | | 5’ 3’

This general structure depicts an interior-loop that is closed by the base pair (X,Y). The enclosed

base pair is (V,U) which leaves the unpaired bases a_1-a_n and b_1-b_n that constitute the loop. In this example, the length of the interior-loop is \((n+m)\) where n or m may be 0 resulting in a bulge-loop or base pair stack. The mismatching nucleotides for the closing pair (X,Y) are:

5’-mismatch: a_1 3’-mismatch: b_m and for the enclosed base pair (V,U): 5’-mismatch: b_1 3’-mismatch: a_n

Parameters:

  • n1 (int) – The size of the ‘left’-loop (number of unpaired nucleotides)

  • n2 (int) – The size of the ‘right’-loop (number of unpaired nucleotides)

  • type (int) – The pair type of the base pair closing the interior loop

  • type_2 (int) – The pair type of the enclosed base pair

  • si1 (int) – The 5’-mismatching nucleotide of the closing pair

  • sj1 (int) – The 3’-mismatching nucleotide of the closing pair

  • sp1 (int) – The 3’-mismatching nucleotide of the enclosed pair

  • sq1 (int) – The 5’-mismatching nucleotide of the enclosed pair

  • P (RNA.param() *) – The datastructure containing scaled energy parameters

Returns:

The Free energy of the Interior-loop in dcal/mol

Return type:

int

See also

scale_parameters, RNA.param

Note

Base pairs are always denoted in 5’->3’ direction. Thus the enclosed base pair must be ‘turned arround’ when evaluating the free energy of the interior-loop

This function is threadsafe

RNA.E_IntLoop_Co(type, type_2, i, j, p, q, cutpoint, si1, sj1, sp1, sq1, dangles, P)
RNA.E_MLstem(type, si1, sj1, P)
RNA.E_Stem(type, si1, sj1, extLoop, P)

Compute the energy contribution of a stem branching off a loop-region.

This function computes the energy contribution of a stem that branches off a loop region. This can be the case in multiloops, when a stem branching off increases the degree of the loop but also immediately interior base pairs of an exterior loop contribute free energy. To switch the behavior of the function according to the evaluation of a multiloop- or exterior-loop-stem, you pass the flag ‘extLoop’. The returned energy contribution consists of a TerminalAU penalty if the pair type is greater than 2, dangling end contributions of mismatching nucleotides adjacent to the stem if only one of the si1, sj1 parameters is greater than 0 and mismatch energies if both mismatching nucleotides are positive values. Thus, to avoid incorporating dangling end or mismatch energies just pass a negative number, e.g. -1 to the mismatch argument.

This is an illustration of how the energy contribution is assembled:

3’ 5’ | | X - Y

5’-si1 sj1-3’

Here, (X,Y) is the base pair that closes the stem that branches off a loop region. The nucleotides si1 and sj1 are the 5’- and 3’- mismatches, respectively. If the base pair type of (X,Y) is greater than 2 (i.e. an A-U or G-U pair, the TerminalAU penalty will be included in the energy contribution returned. If si1 and sj1 are both nonnegative numbers, mismatch energies will also be included. If one of si1 or sj1 is a negative value, only 5’ or 3’ dangling end contributions are taken into account. To prohibit any of these mismatch contributions to be incorporated, just pass a negative number to both, si1 and sj1. In case the argument extLoop is 0, the returned energy contribution also includes the internal-loop-penalty of a multiloop stem with closing pair type.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Please use one of the functions RNA.E_ext_stem() and E_MLstem() instead! Use the former for cases where extLoop != 0 and the latter otherwise.

See also

E_MLstem, _ExtLoop

Note

This function is threadsafe

Parameters:

  • type (int) – The pair type of the first base pair un the stem

  • si1 (int) – The 5’-mismatching nucleotide

  • sj1 (int) – The 3’-mismatching nucleotide

  • extLoop (int) – A flag that indicates whether the contribution reflects the one of an exterior loop or not

  • P (RNA.param() *) – The data structure containing scaled energy parameters

Returns:

The Free energy of the branch off the loop in dcal/mol

Return type:

int

RNA.E_ext_stem(type, n5d, n3d, p)

Evaluate a stem branching off the exterior loop.

Given a base pair \((i,j)\) encoded by type, compute the energy contribution including dangling-end/terminal-mismatch contributions. Instead of returning the energy contribution per-se, this function returns the corresponding Boltzmann factor. If either of the adjacent nucleotides \((i - 1)\) and \((j+1)\) must not contribute stacking energy, the corresponding encoding must be \(-1\).

Parameters:

  • type (unsigned int) – The base pair encoding

  • n5d (int) – The encoded nucleotide directly adjacent at the 5’ side of the base pair (may be -1)

  • n3d (int) – The encoded nucleotide directly adjacent at the 3’ side of the base pair (may be -1)

  • p (RNA.param() *) – The pre-computed energy parameters

Returns:

The energy contribution of the introduced exterior-loop stem

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.E_exp_stem

RNA.E_ml_rightmost_stem(i, j, fc)
class RNA.ElemProbVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.HeatCapacityVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.HelixVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.IntIntVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.IntVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.Lfold(sequence, window_size, nullfile=None)

Local MFE prediction using a sliding window approach (simplified interface)

This simplified interface to RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window() computes the MFE and locally optimal secondary structure using default options. Structures are predicted using a sliding window approach, where base pairs may not span outside the window. Memory required for dynamic programming (DP) matrices will be allocated and free’d on-the-fly. Hence, after return of this function, the recursively filled matrices are not available any more for any post-processing.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – The nucleic acid sequence

  • window_size (int) – The window size for locally optimal structures

  • file (FILE *) – The output file handle where predictions are written to (if NULL, output is written to stdout)

See also

RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window, RNA.Lfoldz, RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window_zscore

Note

In case you want to use the filled DP matrices for any subsequent post-processing step, or you require other conditions than specified by the default model details, use RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window(), and the data structure RNA.fold_compound() instead.

RNA.Lfold_cb(char * string, int window_size, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data) → float
RNA.Lfoldz(sequence, window_size, min_z, nullfile=None)

Local MFE prediction using a sliding window approach with z-score cut-off (simplified interface)

This simplified interface to RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window_zscore() computes the MFE and locally optimal secondary structure using default options. Structures are predicted using a sliding window approach, where base pairs may not span outside the window. Memory required for dynamic programming (DP) matrices will be allocated and free’d on-the-fly. Hence, after return of this function, the recursively filled matrices are not available any more for any post-processing. This function is the z-score version of RNA.Lfold(), i.e. only predictions above a certain z-score cut-off value are printed.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – The nucleic acid sequence

  • window_size (int) – The window size for locally optimal structures

  • min_z (double) – The minimal z-score for a predicted structure to appear in the output

  • file (FILE *) – The output file handle where predictions are written to (if NULL, output is written to stdout)

See also

RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window_zscore, RNA.Lfold, RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window

Note

In case you want to use the filled DP matrices for any subsequent post-processing step, or you require other conditions than specified by the default model details, use RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window(), and the data structure RNA.fold_compound() instead.

RNA.Lfoldz_cb(char * string, int window_size, double min_z, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data) → float
RNA.MEA_from_plist(*args)

Compute a MEA (maximum expected accuracy) structure from a list of probabilities.

The algorithm maximizes the expected accuracy

\[A(S) = \sum_{(i,j) \in S} 2 \gamma p_{ij} + \sum_{i \notin S} p^u_{i}\]

Higher values of \(\gamma\) result in more base pairs of lower probability and thus higher sensitivity. Low values of \(\gamma\) result in structures containing only highly likely pairs (high specificity). The code of the MEA function also demonstrates the use of sparse dynamic programming scheme to reduce the time and memory complexity of folding.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as overloaded function **MEA_from_plist**(gamma = 1., md = NULL). Note, that it returns the MEA structure and MEA value as a tuple (MEA_structure, MEA)

Parameters:

  • plist (RNA.ep() *) – A list of base pair probabilities the MEA structure is computed from

  • sequence (string) – The RNA sequence that corresponds to the list of probability values

  • gamma (double) – The weighting factor for base pairs vs. unpaired nucleotides

  • md (RNA.md() *) – A model details data structure (maybe NULL)

  • mea (list-like(double)) – A pointer to a variable where the MEA value will be written to

Returns:

An MEA structure (or NULL on any error)

Return type:

string

Note

The unpaired probabilities \(p^u_{i} = 1 - \sum_{j \neq i} p_{ij}\) are usually computed from the supplied pairing probabilities \(p_{ij}\) as stored in plist entries of type RNA.PLIST_TYPE_BASEPAIR. To overwrite individual \(p^u_{o}\) values simply add entries with type RNA.PLIST_TYPE_UNPAIRED

To include G-Quadruplex support, the corresponding field in md must be set.

RNA.Make_bp_profile(length)

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function is deprecated and will be removed soon! See Make_bp_profile_bppm() for a replacement

See also

Make_bp_profile_bppm

Note

This function is NOT threadsafe

RNA.Make_bp_profile_bppm(bppm, length)

condense pair probability matrix into a vector containing probabilities for unpaired, upstream paired and downstream paired.

This resulting probability profile is used as input for profile_edit_distance

Parameters:

  • bppm (list-like(double)) – A pointer to the base pair probability matrix

  • length (int) – The length of the sequence

Returns:

The bp profile

Return type:

list-like(double)

RNA.Make_swString(string)

Convert a structure into a format suitable for string_edit_distance().

Parameters:

string (string) –

Return type:

swString *

class RNA.MoveVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.PS_color_dot_plot(string, pi, filename)
RNA.PS_color_dot_plot_turn(seq, pi, filename, winSize)
RNA.PS_dot_plot(string, file)

Produce postscript dot-plot.

Wrapper to PS_dot_plot_list

Reads base pair probabilities produced by pf_fold() from the global array pr and the pair list base_pair produced by fold() and produces a postscript “dot plot” that is written to ‘filename’. The “dot plot” represents each base pairing probability by a square of corresponding area in a upper triangle matrix. The lower part of the matrix contains the minimum free energy

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function is deprecated and will be removed soon! Use PS_dot_plot_list() instead!

Note

DO NOT USE THIS FUNCTION ANYMORE SINCE IT IS NOT THREADSAFE

RNA.PS_dot_plot_list(seq, filename, pl, mf, comment)

Produce a postscript dot-plot from two pair lists.

This function reads two plist structures (e.g. base pair probabilities and a secondary structure) as produced by assign_plist_from_pr() and assign_plist_from_db() and produces a postscript “dot plot” that is written to ‘filename’. Using base pair probabilities in the first and mfe structure in the second plist, the resulting “dot plot” represents each base pairing probability by a square of corresponding area in a upper triangle matrix. The lower part of the matrix contains the minimum free energy structure.

Parameters:

  • seq (string) – The RNA sequence

  • filename (string) – A filename for the postscript output

  • pl (RNA.ep() *) – The base pair probability pairlist

  • mf (RNA.ep() *) – The mfe secondary structure pairlist

  • comment (string) – A comment

Returns:

1 if postscript was successfully written, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

See also

assign_plist_from_pr, assign_plist_from_db

RNA.PS_dot_plot_turn(seq, pl, filename, winSize)
RNA.PS_rna_plot(string, structure, file)

Produce a secondary structure graph in PostScript and write it to ‘filename’.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.file_PS_rnaplot() instead!

RNA.PS_rna_plot_a(string, structure, file, pre, post)

Produce a secondary structure graph in PostScript including additional annotation macros and write it to ‘filename’.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.file_PS_rnaplot_a() instead!

RNA.PS_rna_plot_a_gquad(string, structure, ssfile, pre, post)

Produce a secondary structure graph in PostScript including additional annotation macros and write it to ‘filename’ (detect and draw g-quadruplexes)

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.file_PS_rnaplot_a() instead!

class RNA.PathVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.SOLUTION

Bases: object

property energy
get(i)
size()
property structure
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.SOLUTIONVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.StringVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.SuboptVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.SwigPyIterator(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: object

advance(n)
copy()
decr(n=1)
distance(x)
equal(x)
incr(n=1)
next()
previous()
property thisown

The membership flag

value()
class RNA.UIntVector(*args)

Bases: object

append(x)
assign(n, x)
back()
begin()
capacity()
clear()
empty()
end()
erase(*args)
front()
get_allocator()
insert(*args)
iterator()
pop()
pop_back()
push_back(x)
rbegin()
rend()
reserve(n)
resize(*args)
size()
swap(v)
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.abstract_shapes(std::string structure, unsigned int level=5) → std::string
RNA.abstract_shapes(IntVector pt, unsigned int level=5) → std::string
RNA.abstract_shapes(varArrayShort pt, unsigned int level=5) → std::string

Convert a secondary structure in dot-bracket notation to its abstract shapes representation.

This function converts a secondary structure into its abstract shapes representation as presented by Giegerich et al. 2004 [11].

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as an overloaded function abstract_shapes() where the optional second parameter level defaults to 5.

Parameters:

  • structure (string) – A secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • level (unsigned int) – The abstraction level (integer in the range of 0 to 5)

Returns:

The secondary structure in abstract shapes notation

Return type:

string

See also

RNA.abstract_shapes_pt

RNA.add_root(arg1)

Adds a root to an un-rooted tree in any except bracket notation.

Parameters:

structure (string) –

Return type:

string

RNA.aliLfold(alignment, window_size, nullfile=None)
RNA.aliLfold_cb(StringVector alignment, int window_size, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data) → float
RNA.aliduplex_subopt(StringVector alignment1, StringVector alignment2, int delta, int w) → DuplexVector
RNA.aliduplexfold(StringVector alignment1, StringVector alignment2) → duplex_list_t
RNA.alifold(*args)

Compute Minimum Free Energy (MFE), and a corresponding consensus secondary structure for an RNA sequence alignment using a comparative method.

This simplified interface to RNA.fold_compound.mfe() computes the MFE and, if required, a consensus secondary structure for an RNA sequence alignment using default options. Memory required for dynamic programming (DP) matrices will be allocated and free’d on-the-fly. Hence, after return of this function, the recursively filled matrices are not available any more for any post-processing, e.g. suboptimal backtracking, etc.

Parameters:

  • sequences (const char **) – RNA sequence alignment

  • structure (string) – A pointer to the character array where the secondary structure in dot-bracket notation will be written to

Returns:

the minimum free energy (MFE) in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.circalifold, RNA.fold_compound.mfe

Note

In case you want to use the filled DP matrices for any subsequent post-processing step, or you require other conditions than specified by the default model details, use RNA.fold_compound.mfe(), and the data structure RNA.fold_compound() instead.

RNA.aln_consensus_mis(StringVector alignment, md md_p=None) → std::string

Compute the Most Informative Sequence (MIS) for a given multiple sequence alignment.

The most informative sequence (MIS) [10] displays for each alignment column the nucleotides with frequency greater than the background frequency, projected into IUPAC notation. Columns where gaps are over-represented are in lower case.

Parameters:

  • alignment (const char **) – The input sequence alignment (last entry must be NULL terminated)

  • md_p (const RNA.md() *) – Model details that specify known nucleotides (Maybe NULL)

Returns:

The most informative sequence for the alignment

Return type:

string

RNA.aln_consensus_sequence(StringVector alignment, md md_p=None) → std::string

Compute the consensus sequence for a given multiple sequence alignment.

Parameters:

  • alignment (const char **) – The input sequence alignment (last entry must be NULL terminated)

  • md_p (const RNA.md() *) – Model details that specify known nucleotides (Maybe NULL)

Returns:

The consensus sequence of the alignment, i.e. the most frequent nucleotide for each alignment column

Return type:

string

RNA.aln_conservation_col(StringVector alignment, md md=None, unsigned int options=) → DoubleVector

Compute nucleotide conservation in an alignment.

This function computes the conservation of nucleotides in alignment columns. The simples measure is Shannon Entropy and can be selected by passing the RNA.MEASURE_SHANNON_ENTROPY flag in the options parameter.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available in an overloaded form where the last two parameters may be omitted, indicating md = NULL, and options = RNA.MEASURE_SHANNON_ENTROPY, respectively.

Parameters:

  • alignment (const char **) – The input sequence alignment (last entry must be NULL terminated)

  • md – Model details that specify known nucleotides (Maybe NULL)

  • options (unsigned int) – A flag indicating which measure of conservation should be applied

Returns:

A 1-based vector of column conservations

Return type:

list-like(double)

See also

RNA.MEASURE_SHANNON_ENTROPY

Note

Currently, only RNA.MEASURE_SHANNON_ENTROPY is supported as conservation measure.

RNA.aln_conservation_struct(StringVector alignment, std::string structure, md md=None) → DoubleVector

Compute base pair conservation of a consensus structure.

This function computes the base pair conservation (fraction of canonical base pairs) of a consensus structure given a multiple sequence alignment. The base pair types that are considered canonical may be specified using the RNA.md().pair array. Passing NULL as parameter md results in default pairing rules, i.e. canonical Watson-Crick and GU Wobble pairs.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available in an overloaded form where the last parameter may be omitted, indicating md = NULL

Parameters:

  • alignment (const char **) – The input sequence alignment (last entry must be NULL terminated)

  • structure (string) – The consensus structure in dot-bracket notation

  • md (const RNA.md() *) – Model details that specify compatible base pairs (Maybe NULL)

Returns:

A 1-based vector of base pair conservations

Return type:

list-like(double)

RNA.aln_mpi(StringVector alignment) → int

Get the mean pairwise identity in steps from ?to?(ident)

Parameters:

alignment (const char **) – Aligned sequences

Returns:

The mean pairwise identity

Return type:

int

RNA.aln_pscore(StringVector alignment, md md=None) → IntIntVector
RNA.b2C(structure)

Converts the full structure from bracket notation to the a coarse grained notation using the ‘H’ ‘B’ ‘I’ ‘M’ and ‘R’ identifiers.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: See RNA.db_to_tree_string() and RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_SHAPIRO_SHORT for a replacement

Parameters:

structure (string) –

Return type:

string

RNA.b2HIT(structure)

Converts the full structure from bracket notation to the HIT notation including root.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: See RNA.db_to_tree_string() and RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_HIT for a replacement

Parameters:

structure (string) –

Return type:

string

RNA.b2Shapiro(structure)

Converts the full structure from bracket notation to the weighted coarse grained notation using the ‘H’ ‘B’ ‘I’ ‘M’ ‘S’ ‘E’ and ‘R’ identifiers.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: See RNA.db_to_tree_string() and RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_SHAPIRO_WEIGHT for a replacement

Parameters:

structure (string) –

Return type:

string

class RNA.basepair

Bases: object

property i
property j
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.boustrophedon(*args)

Generate a sequence of Boustrophedon distributed numbers.

This function generates a sequence of positive natural numbers within the interval \([start, end]\) in a Boustrophedon fashion. That is, the numbers \(start, \ldots, end\) in the resulting list are alternating between left and right ends of the interval while progressing to the inside, i.e. the list consists of a sequence of natural numbers of the form:

\[start, end, start + 1, end - 1, start + 2, end - 2, \ldots\]

The resulting list is 1-based and contains the length of the sequence of numbers at it’s 0-th position.

Upon failure, the function returns NULL

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as overloaded global function boustrophedon().

Parameters:

  • start (size()) – The first number of the list (left side of the interval)

  • end (size()) – The last number of the list (right side of the interval)

Returns:

A list of alternating numbers from the interval \([start, end]\) (or NULL on error)

Return type:

list-like(unsigned int)

See also

RNA.boustrophedon_pos

RNA.bp_distance(std::string str1, std::string str2, unsigned int options=) → int
RNA.bp_distance(IntVector pt1, IntVector pt2) → int
RNA.bp_distance(varArrayShort pt1, varArrayShort pt2) → int

Compute the “base pair” distance between two secondary structures s1 and s2.

This is a wrapper around RNA.bp_distance_pt(). The sequences should have the same length. dist = number of base pairs in one structure but not in the other same as edit distance with open-pair close-pair as move-set

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as an overloaded method bp_distance(). Note that the SWIG wrapper takes two structure in dot-bracket notation and converts them into pair tables using RNA.ptable_from_string(). The resulting pair tables are then internally passed to RNA.bp_distance_pt(). To control which kind of matching brackets will be used during conversion, the optional argument options can be used. See also the description of RNA.ptable_from_string() for available options. (default: RNA.BRACKETS_RND).

Parameters:

  • str1 (string) – First structure in dot-bracket notation

  • str2 (string) – Second structure in dot-bracket notation

Returns:

The base pair distance between str1 and str2

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.bp_distance_pt

RNA.cdata(ptr, nelements=1)
RNA.centroid(length, dist)

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function is deprecated and should not be used anymore as it is not threadsafe!

See also

get_centroid_struct_pl, get_centroid_struct_pr

RNA.circalifold(*args)

Compute MFE and according structure of an alignment of sequences assuming the sequences are circular instead of linear.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Usage of this function is discouraged! Use RNA.alicircfold(), and RNA.fold_compound.mfe()

instead!

Parameters:

  • strings (const char **) – A pointer to a NULL terminated array of character arrays

  • structure (string) – A pointer to a character array that may contain a constraining consensus structure (will be overwritten by a consensus structure that exhibits the MFE)

Returns:

The free energy score in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.alicircfold, RNA.alifold, RNA.fold_compound.mfe

RNA.circfold(*args)

Compute Minimum Free Energy (MFE), and a corresponding secondary structure for a circular RNA sequence.

This simplified interface to RNA.fold_compound.mfe() computes the MFE and, if required, a secondary structure for a circular RNA sequence using default options. Memory required for dynamic programming (DP) matrices will be allocated and free’d on-the-fly. Hence, after return of this function, the recursively filled matrices are not available any more for any post-processing, e.g. suboptimal backtracking, etc.

Folding of circular RNA sequences is handled as a post-processing step of the forward recursions. See [12] for further details.

Parameters:

  • sequence (string) – RNA sequence

  • structure (string) – A pointer to the character array where the secondary structure in dot-bracket notation will be written to

Returns:

the minimum free energy (MFE) in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold, RNA.fold_compound.mfe

Note

In case you want to use the filled DP matrices for any subsequent post-processing step, or you require other conditions than specified by the default model details, use RNA.fold_compound.mfe(), and the data structure RNA.fold_compound() instead.

class RNA.cmd

Bases: object

property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.co_pf_fold(*args)
RNA.cofold(*args)

Compute Minimum Free Energy (MFE), and a corresponding secondary structure for two dimerized RNA sequences.

This simplified interface to RNA.fold_compound.mfe() computes the MFE and, if required, a secondary structure for two RNA sequences upon dimerization using default options. Memory required for dynamic programming (DP) matrices will be allocated and free’d on-the-fly. Hence, after return of this function, the recursively filled matrices are not available any more for any post-processing, e.g. suboptimal backtracking, etc.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function is obsolete since RNA.mfe()/RNA.fold() can handle complexes multiple sequences since v2.5.0. Use RNA.mfe()/RNA.fold() for connected component MFE instead and compute MFEs of unconnected states separately.

Note

In case you want to use the filled DP matrices for any subsequent post-processing step, or you require other conditions than specified by the default model details, use RNA.fold_compound.mfe(), and the data structure RNA.fold_compound() instead.

Parameters:

  • sequence (string) – two RNA sequences separated by the ‘&’ character

  • structure (string) – A pointer to the character array where the secondary structure in dot-bracket notation will be written to

Returns:

the minimum free energy (MFE) in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold, RNA.fold_compound.mfe, RNA.fold_compound, RNA.fold_compound, RNA.cut_point_insert

RNA.consens_mis(alignment, md_p=None)
RNA.db_flatten(*args)

Substitute pairs of brackets in a string with parenthesis.

This function can be used to replace brackets of unusual types, such as angular brackets <> , to dot-bracket format. The options parameter is used tpo specify which types of brackets will be replaced by round parenthesis ``() .

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function flattens an input structure string in-place! The second parameter is optional and defaults to RNA.BRACKETS_DEFAULT.

An overloaded version of this function exists, where an additional second parameter can be passed to specify the target brackets, i.e. the type of matching pair characters all brackets will be flattened to. Therefore, in the scripting language interface this function is a replacement for RNA.db_flatten_to().

Parameters:

  • structure (string) – The structure string where brackets are flattened in-place

  • options (unsigned int) – A bitmask to specify which types of brackets should be flattened out

See also

RNA.db_flatten_to, RNA.BRACKETS_RND, RNA.BRACKETS_ANG, RNA.BRACKETS_CLY, RNA.BRACKETS_SQR, RNA.BRACKETS_DEFAULT

RNA.db_from_WUSS(wuss)

Convert a WUSS annotation string to dot-bracket format.

Parameters:

wuss (string) – The input string in WUSS notation

Returns:

A dot-bracket notation of the input secondary structure

Return type:

string

Note

This function flattens all brackets, and treats pseudo-knots annotated by matching pairs of upper/lowercase letters as unpaired nucleotides

RNA.db_from_plist(ElemProbVector elem_probs, unsigned int length) → std::string

Convert a list of base pairs into dot-bracket notation.

Parameters:

  • pairs (RNA.ep() *) – A RNA.ep() containing the pairs to be included in the dot-bracket string

  • n (unsigned int) – The length of the structure (number of nucleotides)

Returns:

The dot-bracket string containing the provided base pairs

Return type:

string

See also

RNA.plist

RNA.db_from_ptable(IntVector pt) → char
RNA.db_from_ptable(varArrayShort pt) → char *

Convert a pair table into dot-parenthesis notation.

This function also converts pair table formatted structures that contain pseudoknots. Non-nested base pairs result in additional pairs of parenthesis and brackets within the resulting dot- parenthesis string. The following pairs are awailable: (), []. {}. <>, as well as pairs of matching upper-/lower-case characters from the alphabet A-Z.

Parameters:

pt (const short *) – The pair table to be copied

Returns:

A char pointer to the dot-bracket string

Return type:

string

Note

In cases where the level of non-nested base pairs exceeds the maximum number of 30 different base pair indicators (4 parenthesis/brackets, 26 matching characters), a warning is printed and the remaining base pairs are left out from the conversion.

RNA.db_pack(struc)

Pack secondary secondary structure, 5:1 compression using base 3 encoding.

Returns a binary string encoding of the secondary structure using a 5:1 compression scheme. The string is NULL terminated and can therefore be used with standard string functions such as strcmp(). Useful for programs that need to keep many structures in memory.

Parameters:

struc (string) – The secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

Returns:

The binary encoded structure

Return type:

string

See also

RNA.db_unpack

RNA.db_pk_remove(std::string structure, unsigned int options=) → std::string

Remove pseudo-knots from an input structure.

This function removes pseudo-knots from an input structure by determining the minimum number of base pairs that need to be removed to make the structure pseudo-knot free.

To accomplish that, we use a dynamic programming algorithm similar to the Nussinov maxmimum matching approach.

The input structure must be in a dot-bracket string like form where crossing base pairs are denoted by the use of additional types of matching brackets, e.g. <>, {}, ``[], {}. Furthermore, crossing pairs may be annotated by matching uppercase/lowercase letters from the alphabet A-Z. For the latter, the uppercase letter must be the 5’ and the lowercase letter the 3’ nucleotide of the base pair. The actual type of brackets to be recognized by this function must be specifed through the options parameter.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as an overloaded function db_pk_remove() where the optional second parameter options defaults to RNA.BRACKETS_ANY.

Parameters:

  • structure (string) – Input structure in dot-bracket format that may include pseudo-knots

  • options (unsigned int) – A bitmask to specify which types of brackets should be processed

Returns:

The input structure devoid of pseudo-knots in dot-bracket notation

Return type:

string

See also

RNA.pt_pk_remove, RNA.db_flatten, RNA.BRACKETS_RND, RNA.BRACKETS_ANG, RNA.BRACKETS_CLY, RNA.BRACKETS_SQR, RNA.BRACKETS_ALPHA, RNA.BRACKETS_DEFAULT, RNA.BRACKETS_ANY

Note

Brackets in the input structure string that are not covered by the options bitmask will be silently ignored!

RNA.db_to_element_string(structure)

Convert a secondary structure in dot-bracket notation to a nucleotide annotation of loop contexts.

Parameters:

structure (string) – The secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

Returns:

A string annotating each nucleotide according to it’s structural context

Return type:

string

RNA.db_to_tree_string(std::string structure, unsigned int type) → std::string

Convert a Dot-Bracket structure string into tree string representation.

This function allows one to convert a secondary structure in dot-bracket notation into one of the various tree representations for secondary structures. The resulting tree is then represented as a string of parenthesis and node symbols, similar to to the Newick format.

Currently we support conversion into the following formats, denoted by the value of parameter type:

  • RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_HIT - Homeomorphically Irreducible Tree (HIT) representation of a secondary structure. (See also Fontana et al. 1993 [9])

  • RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_SHAPIRO_SHORT - (short) Coarse Grained representation of a secondary structure (same as Shapiro 1988 [27], but with root node R and without S nodes for the stems)

  • RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_SHAPIRO - (full) Coarse Grained representation of a secondary structure (See also Shapiro 1988 [27])

  • RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_SHAPIRO_EXT - (extended) Coarse Grained representation of a secondary structure (same as Shapiro 1988 [27], but external nodes denoted as E )

  • RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_SHAPIRO_WEIGHT - (weighted) Coarse Grained representation of a secondary structure (same as RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_SHAPIRO_EXT but with additional weights for number of unpaired nucleotides in loop, and number of pairs in stems)

  • RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_EXPANDED - Expanded Tree representation of a secondary structure.

Parameters:

  • structure (string) – The null-terminated dot-bracket structure string

  • type (unsigned int) – A switch to determine the type of tree string representation

Returns:

A tree representation of the input structure

Return type:

string

See also

Tree

RNA.db_unpack(packed)

Unpack secondary structure previously packed with RNA.db_pack()

Translate a compressed binary string produced by RNA.db_pack() back into the familiar dot-bracket notation.

Parameters:

packed (string) – The binary encoded packed secondary structure

Returns:

The unpacked secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

Return type:

string

See also

RNA.db_pack

RNA.delete_doubleP(ary)
RNA.delete_floatP(ary)
RNA.delete_intP(ary)
RNA.delete_shortP(ary)
RNA.delete_ushortP(ary)
RNA.deref_any(ptr, index)
RNA.dist_mountain(str1, str2, p=1)
class RNA.doubleArray(nelements)

Bases: object

cast()
static frompointer(t)
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.doubleArray_frompointer(t)
RNA.doubleP_getitem(ary, index)
RNA.doubleP_setitem(ary, index, value)
class RNA.duplex_list_t

Bases: object

property energy
property i
property j
property structure
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.duplex_subopt(std::string s1, std::string s2, int delta, int w) → DuplexVector
RNA.duplexfold(std::string s1, std::string s2) → duplex_list_t
RNA.encode_seq(sequence)
RNA.energy_of_circ_struct(string, structure)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded circular RNA

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function is deprecated and should not be used in future programs Use energy_of_circ_structure() instead!

Note

This function is not entirely threadsafe! Depending on the state of the global variable eos_debug it prints energy information to stdout or not…

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence

  • structure (string) – secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

Returns:

the free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

energy_of_circ_structure, energy_of_struct, energy_of_struct_pt

RNA.energy_of_circ_structure(string, structure, verbosity_level)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded circular RNA.

If verbosity level is set to a value >0, energies of structure elements are printed to stdout

Note

OpenMP: This function relies on several global model settings variables and thus is not to be considered threadsafe. See energy_of_circ_struct_par() for a completely threadsafe implementation.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure() or RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_verbose() instead!

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence

  • structure (string) – Secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • verbosity_level (int) – A flag to turn verbose output on/off

Returns:

The free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure

RNA.energy_of_gquad_structure(string, structure, verbosity_level)
RNA.energy_of_move(string, structure, m1, m2)

Calculate energy of a move (closing or opening of a base pair)

If the parameters m1 and m2 are negative, it is deletion (opening) of a base pair, otherwise it is insertion (opening).

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.fold_compound.eval_move() instead!

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence

  • structure (string) – secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • m1 (int) – first coordinate of base pair

  • m2 (int) – second coordinate of base pair

Returns:

energy change of the move in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold_compound.eval_move

RNA.energy_of_move_pt(pt, s, s1, m1, m2)

Calculate energy of a move (closing or opening of a base pair)

If the parameters m1 and m2 are negative, it is deletion (opening) of a base pair, otherwise it is insertion (opening).

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.fold_compound.eval_move_pt() instead!

Parameters:

  • pt (list-like(int)) – the pair table of the secondary structure

  • s (list-like(int)) – encoded RNA sequence

  • s1 (list-like(int)) – encoded RNA sequence

  • m1 (int) – first coordinate of base pair

  • m2 (int) – second coordinate of base pair

Returns:

energy change of the move in 10cal/mol

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.eval_move_pt

RNA.energy_of_struct(string, structure)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded RNA

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function is deprecated and should not be used in future programs! Use energy_of_structure() instead!

Note

This function is not entirely threadsafe! Depending on the state of the global variable eos_debug it prints energy information to stdout or not…

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence

  • structure (string) – secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

Returns:

the free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

energy_of_structure, energy_of_circ_struct, energy_of_struct_pt

RNA.energy_of_struct_pt(string, ptable, s, s1)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded RNA

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function is deprecated and should not be used in future programs! Use energy_of_structure_pt() instead!

Note

This function is not entirely threadsafe! Depending on the state of the global variable eos_debug it prints energy information to stdout or not…

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence

  • ptable (list-like(int)) – the pair table of the secondary structure

  • s (list-like(int)) – encoded RNA sequence

  • s1 (list-like(int)) – encoded RNA sequence

Returns:

the free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in 10kcal/mol

Return type:

int

See also

make_pair_table, energy_of_structure

RNA.energy_of_structure(string, structure, verbosity_level)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded RNA using global model detail settings.

If verbosity level is set to a value >0, energies of structure elements are printed to stdout

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure() or RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_verbose() instead!

Note

OpenMP: This function relies on several global model settings variables and thus is not to be considered threadsafe. See energy_of_struct_par() for a completely threadsafe implementation.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence

  • structure (string) – secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • verbosity_level (int) – a flag to turn verbose output on/off

Returns:

the free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure

RNA.energy_of_structure_pt(string, ptable, s, s1, verbosity_level)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded RNA.

If verbosity level is set to a value >0, energies of structure elements are printed to stdout

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt() or RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt_verbose()

instead!

Note

OpenMP: This function relies on several global model settings variables and thus is not to be considered threadsafe. See energy_of_struct_pt_par() for a completely threadsafe implementation.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence

  • ptable (list-like(int)) – the pair table of the secondary structure

  • s (list-like(int)) – encoded RNA sequence

  • s1 (list-like(int)) – encoded RNA sequence

  • verbosity_level (int) – a flag to turn verbose output on/off

Returns:

the free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in 10kcal/mol

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt

RNA.enumerate_necklaces(entity_counts)

Enumerate all necklaces with fixed content.

This function implements A fast algorithm to generate necklaces with fixed content as published by Joe Sawada in 2003 [25].

The function receives a list of counts (the elements on the necklace) for each type of object within a necklace. The list starts at index 0 and ends with an entry that has a count of 0. The algorithm then enumerates all non-cyclic permutations of the content, returned as a list of necklaces. This list, again, is zero-terminated, i.e. the last entry of the list is a NULL pointer.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as global function enumerate_necklaces() which accepts lists input, an produces list of lists output.

Parameters:

type_counts (const unsigned int *) – A 0-terminated list of entity counts

Returns:

A list of all non-cyclic permutations of the entities

Return type:

list-like(list-like(unsigned int))

class RNA.ep(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: object

Data structure representing a single entry of an element probability list (e.g. list of pair probabilities)

See also

RNA.plist, RNA.fold_compound.plist_from_probs, RNA.db_from_plist, RNA.PLIST_TYPE_BASEPAIR, RNA.PLIST_TYPE_GQUAD, RNA.PLIST_TYPE_H_MOTIF, RNA.PLIST_TYPE_I_MOTIF, RNA.PLIST_TYPE_UD_MOTIF, RNA.PLIST_TYPE_STACK

i

Start position (usually 5’ nucleotide that starts the element, e.g. base pair)

Type:

int

j

End position (usually 3’ nucleotide that ends the element, e.g. base pair)

Type:

int

p

Probability of the element.

Type:

float

type

Type of the element.

Type:

int

C++ includes
Type:

ViennaRNA/utils/structures.h

property i
property j
property p
property thisown

The membership flag

property type
RNA.eval_circ_gquad_structure(*args)

Evaluate free energy of a sequence/structure pair, assume sequence to be circular, allow for G-Quadruplexes in the structure, and print contributions per loop.

This function is the same as RNA.eval_structure_simple_v() but assumes the input sequence to be circular and allows for annotated G-Quadruplexes in the dot-bracket structure input.

G-Quadruplexes are annotated as plus signs (‘+’) for each G involved in the motif. Linker sequences must be denoted by dots (‘.’) as they are considered unpaired. Below is an example of a 2-layer G-quadruplex:

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available through an overloaded version of RNA.eval_circ_gquad_structure(). The last two arguments for this function are optional and default to RNA.VERBOSITY_QUIET and NULL, respectively.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence in uppercase letters

  • structure (string) – Secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • verbosity_level (int) – The level of verbosity of this function

  • file (FILE *) – A file handle where this function should print to (may be NULL).

Returns:

The free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

RNA.eval_circ_structure(*args)

Evaluate free energy of a sequence/structure pair, assume sequence to be circular and print contributions per loop.

This function is the same as RNA.eval_structure_simple_v() but assumes the input sequence to be circularized.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available through an overloaded version of RNA.eval_circ_structure(). The last two arguments for this function are optional and default to RNA.VERBOSITY_QUIET and NULL, respectively.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence in uppercase letters

  • structure (string) – Secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • verbosity_level (int) – The level of verbosity of this function

  • file (FILE *) – A file handle where this function should print to (may be NULL).

Returns:

The free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.eval_structure_simple_v, RNA.eval_circ_structure, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_verbose

RNA.eval_gquad_structure(*args)

Evaluate free energy of a sequence/structure pair, allow for G-Quadruplexes in the structure and print contributions per loop.

This function is the same as RNA.eval_structure_simple_v() but allows for annotated G-Quadruplexes in the dot-bracket structure input.

G-Quadruplexes are annotated as plus signs (‘+’) for each G involved in the motif. Linker sequences must be denoted by dots (‘.’) as they are considered unpaired. Below is an example of a 2-layer G-quadruplex:

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available through an overloaded version of RNA.eval_gquad_structure(). The last two arguments for this function are optional and default to RNA.VERBOSITY_QUIET and NULL, respectively.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence in uppercase letters

  • structure (string) – Secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • verbosity_level (int) – The level of verbosity of this function

  • file (FILE *) – A file handle where this function should print to (may be NULL).

Returns:

The free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.eval_structure_simple_v, RNA.eval_gquad_structure, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_verbose

RNA.eval_structure_pt_simple(*args)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded RNA.

This function allows for energy evaluation of a given sequence/structure pair where the structure is provided in pair_table format as obtained from RNA.ptable(). Model details, energy parameters, and possibly soft constraints are used as provided via the parameter ‘fc’. The fold_compound does not need to contain any DP matrices, but all the most basic init values as one would get from a call like this: In contrast to RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt_verbose() this function assumes default model details and default energy parameters in order to evaluate the free energy of the secondary structure. Threefore, it serves as a simple interface function for energy evaluation for situations where no changes on the energy model are required.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence in uppercase letters

  • pt (const short *) – Secondary structure as pair_table

  • verbosity_level (int) – The level of verbosity of this function

  • file (FILE *) – A file handle where this function should print to (may be NULL).

Returns:

The free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in 10cal/mol

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.ptable, RNA.eval_structure_pt_v, RNA.eval_structure_simple

RNA.eval_structure_simple(*args)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded RNA and print contributions per loop.

This function allows for detailed energy evaluation of a given sequence/structure pair. In contrast to RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure() this function prints detailed energy contributions based on individual loops to a file handle. If NULL is passed as file handle, this function defaults to print to stdout. Any positive verbosity_level activates potential warning message of the energy evaluting functions, while values \(\ge 1\) allow for detailed control of what data is printed. A negative parameter verbosity_level turns off printing all together.

In contrast to RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_verbose() this function assumes default model details and default energy parameters in order to evaluate the free energy of the secondary structure. Threefore, it serves as a simple interface function for energy evaluation for situations where no changes on the energy model are required.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available through an overloaded version of RNA.eval_structure_simple(). The last two arguments for this function are optional and default to RNA.VERBOSITY_QUIET and NULL, respectively.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – RNA sequence in uppercase letters

  • structure (string) – Secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • verbosity_level (int) – The level of verbosity of this function

  • file (FILE *) – A file handle where this function should print to (may be NULL).

Returns:

The free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_verbose, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt_verbose

RNA.exp_E_ExtLoop(type, si1, sj1, P)

This is the partition function variant of E_ExtLoop()

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.fold_compound.exp_E_ext_stem() instead!

Returns:

The Boltzmann weighted energy contribution of the introduced exterior-loop stem

Return type:

double

See also

E_ExtLoop

RNA.exp_E_Hairpin(u, type, si1, sj1, string, P)

Compute Boltzmann weight \(e^{-\Delta G/kT}\) of a hairpin loop.

Parameters:

  • u (int) – The size of the loop (number of unpaired nucleotides)

  • type (int) – The pair type of the base pair closing the hairpin

  • si1 (short) – The 5’-mismatching nucleotide

  • sj1 (short) – The 3’-mismatching nucleotide

  • string (string) – The sequence of the loop (May be NULL, otherwise mst be at least \(size + 2\) long)

  • P (RNA.exp_param() *) – The datastructure containing scaled Boltzmann weights of the energy parameters

Returns:

The Boltzmann weight of the Hairpin-loop

Return type:

double

Warning

Not (really) thread safe! A threadsafe implementation will replace this function in a future release!

Energy evaluation may change due to updates in global variable “tetra_loop”

See also

get_scaled_pf_parameters, RNA.exp_param, E_Hairpin

Note

multiply by scale[u+2]

RNA.exp_E_IntLoop(u1, u2, type, type2, si1, sj1, sp1, sq1, P)

multiply by scale[u1+u2+2] for scaling

Parameters:

  • u1 (int) – The size of the ‘left’-loop (number of unpaired nucleotides)

  • u2 (int) – The size of the ‘right’-loop (number of unpaired nucleotides)

  • type (int) – The pair type of the base pair closing the interior loop

  • type2 (int) – The pair type of the enclosed base pair

  • si1 (short) – The 5’-mismatching nucleotide of the closing pair

  • sj1 (short) – The 3’-mismatching nucleotide of the closing pair

  • sp1 (short) – The 3’-mismatching nucleotide of the enclosed pair

  • sq1 (short) – The 5’-mismatching nucleotide of the enclosed pair

  • P (RNA.exp_param() *) – The datastructure containing scaled Boltzmann weights of the energy parameters

Returns:

The Boltzmann weight of the Interior-loop

Return type:

double

See also

get_scaled_pf_parameters, RNA.exp_param, E_IntLoop

Note

This function is threadsafe

RNA.exp_E_MLstem(type, si1, sj1, P)
RNA.exp_E_Stem(type, si1, sj1, extLoop, P)

This is the partition function variant of E_Stem()

Returns:

The Boltzmann weighted energy contribution of the branch off the loop

Return type:

double

See also

E_Stem

Note

This function is threadsafe

RNA.exp_E_ext_stem(type, n5d, n3d, p)
class RNA.exp_param(model_details=None)

Bases: object

The data structure that contains temperature scaled Boltzmann weights of the energy parameters.

id

An identifier for the data structure.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This attribute will be removed in version 3

Type:

int

expstack
Type:

double

exphairpin
Type:

double

expbulge
Type:

double

expinternal
Type:

double

expmismatchExt
Type:

double

expmismatchI
Type:

double

expmismatch23I
Type:

double

expmismatch1nI
Type:

double

expmismatchH
Type:

double

expmismatchM
Type:

double

expdangle5
Type:

double

expdangle3
Type:

double

expint11
Type:

double

expint21
Type:

double

expint22
Type:

double

expninio
Type:

double

lxc
Type:

double

expMLbase
Type:

double

expMLintern
Type:

double

expMLclosing
Type:

double

expTermAU
Type:

double

expDuplexInit
Type:

double

exptetra
Type:

double

exptri
Type:

double

exphex
Type:

double

Tetraloops
Type:

char

expTriloop
Type:

double

Triloops
Type:

char

Hexaloops
Type:

char

expTripleC
Type:

double

expMultipleCA
Type:

double

expMultipleCB
Type:

double

expgquad
Type:

double

expgquadLayerMismatch
Type:

double

gquadLayerMismatchMax
Type:

int

kT
Type:

double

pf_scale

Scaling factor to avoid over-/underflows.

Type:

double

temperature

Temperature used for loop contribution scaling.

Type:

double

alpha

Scaling factor for the thermodynamic temperature.

This allows for temperature scaling in Boltzmann factors independently from the energy contributions. The resulting Boltzmann factors are then computed by \(e^{-E/(\alpha \cdot K \cdot T)}\)

Type:

double

model_details

Model details to be used in the recursions.

Type:

vrna_md_t

param_file

The filename the parameters were derived from, or empty string if they represent the default.

Type:

char

expSaltStack
Type:

double

expSaltLoop
Type:

double

SaltLoopDbl
Type:

double

SaltMLbase
Type:

int

SaltMLintern
Type:

int

SaltMLclosing
Type:

int

SaltDPXInit
Type:

int

C++ includes
Type:

ViennaRNA/params/basic.h

property Hexaloops
property SaltDPXInit
property SaltLoopDbl
property SaltMLbase
property SaltMLclosing
property SaltMLintern
property Tetraloops
property Triloops
property alpha
property expDuplexInit
property expMLbase
property expMLclosing
property expMLintern
property expMultipleCA
property expMultipleCB
property expSaltLoop
property expSaltStack
property expTermAU
property expTriloop
property expTripleC
property expbulge
property expdangle3
property expdangle5
property expgquad
property expgquadLayerMismatch
property exphairpin
property exphex
property expint11
property expint21
property expint22
property expinternal
property expmismatch1nI
property expmismatch23I
property expmismatchExt
property expmismatchH
property expmismatchI
property expmismatchM
property expninio
property expstack
property exptetra
property exptri
property gquadLayerMismatchMax
property id
property kT
property lxc
property model_details
property param_file
property pf_scale
property temperature
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.expand_Full(structure)

Convert the full structure from bracket notation to the expanded notation including root.

Parameters:

structure (string) –

Return type:

string

RNA.expand_Shapiro(coarse)

Inserts missing ‘S’ identifiers in unweighted coarse grained structures as obtained from b2C().

Parameters:

coarse (string) –

Return type:

string

RNA.extract_record_rest_structure(lines, length, option)
RNA.fc_add_pycallback(vc, PyFunc)
RNA.fc_add_pydata(vc, data, PyFuncOrNone)
RNA.file_PS_aln(std::string filename, StringVector alignment, StringVector identifiers, std::string structure, unsigned int start=0, unsigned int end=0, int offset=0, unsigned int columns=60) → int

Create an annotated PostScript alignment plot.

Similar to RNA.file_PS_aln() but allows the user to print a particular slice of the alignment by specifying a start and end position. The additional offset parameter allows for adjusting the alignment position ruler value.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as overloaded function file_PS_aln() where the last four parameter may be omitted, indicating start = 0, end = 0, offset = 0, and columns = 60.

Parameters:

  • filename (string) – The output file name

  • seqs (const char **) – The aligned sequences

  • names (const char **) – The names of the sequences

  • structure (string) – The consensus structure in dot-bracket notation

  • start (unsigned int) – The start of the alignment slice (a value of 0 indicates the first position of the alignment, i.e. no slicing at 5’ side)

  • end (unsigned int) – The end of the alignment slice (a value of 0 indicates the last position of the alignment, i.e. no slicing at 3’ side)

  • offset (int) – The alignment coordinate offset for the position ruler.

  • columns (unsigned int) – The number of columns before the alignment is wrapped as a new block (a value of 0 indicates no wrapping)

See also

RNA.file_PS_aln_slice

RNA.file_PS_rnaplot(*args)
RNA.file_PS_rnaplot_a(*args)
RNA.file_RNAstrand_db_read_record(fp, options=0)
RNA.file_SHAPE_read(file_name, length, default_value)

Read data from a given SHAPE reactivity input file.

This function parses the informations from a given file and stores the result in the preallocated string sequence and the double array values.

Parameters:

  • file_name (string) – Path to the constraints file

  • length (int) – Length of the sequence (file entries exceeding this limit will cause an error)

  • default_value (double) – Value for missing indices

  • sequence (string) – Pointer to an array used for storing the sequence obtained from the SHAPE reactivity file

  • values (list-like(double)) – Pointer to an array used for storing the values obtained from the SHAPE reactivity file

RNA.file_commands_read(std::string filename, unsigned int options=) → cmd

Extract a list of commands from a command file.

Read a list of commands specified in the input file and return them as list of abstract commands

Parameters:

  • filename (string) – The filename

  • options (unsigned int) – Options to limit the type of commands read from the file

Returns:

A list of abstract commands

Return type:

RNA.cmd()

See also

RNA.fold_compound.commands_apply, RNA.file_commands_apply, RNA.commands_free

RNA.file_connect_read_record(fp, remainder, options=0)
RNA.file_fasta_read(FILE * file, unsigned int options=0) → int

Get a (fasta) data set from a file or stdin.

This function may be used to obtain complete datasets from a filehandle or stdin. A dataset is always defined to contain at least a sequence. If data starts with a fasta header, i.e. a line like

>some header info then RNA.file_fasta_read_record() will assume that the sequence that follows

the header may span over several lines. To disable this behavior and to assign a single line to the argument ‘sequence’ one can pass RNA.INPUT_NO_SPAN in the ‘options’ argument. If no fasta header is read in the beginning of a data block, a sequence must not span over multiple lines!

Unless the options RNA.INPUT_NOSKIP_COMMENTS or RNA.INPUT_NOSKIP_BLANK_LINES are passed, a sequence may be interrupted by lines starting with a comment character or empty lines.

A sequence is regarded as completely read if it was either assumed to not span over multiple lines,

a secondary structure or structure constraint follows the sequence on the next line, or a new header marks the beginning of a new sequence…

All lines following the sequence (this includes comments) that do not initiate a new dataset according to the above definition are available through the line-array ‘rest’. Here one can usually find the structure constraint or other information belonging to the current dataset. Filling of ‘rest’ may be prevented by passing RNA.INPUT_NO_REST to the options argument.

The main purpose of this function is to be able to easily parse blocks of data in the header of a loop where all calculations for the appropriate data is done inside the loop. The loop may be then left on certain return values, e.g.:

In the example above, the while loop will be terminated when RNA.file_fasta_read_record() returns either an error, EOF, or a user initiated quit request.

As long as data is read from stdin (we are passing NULL as the file pointer), the id is printed if it is available for the current block of data. The sequence will be printed in any case and if some more lines belong to the current block of data each line will be printed as well.

Parameters:

  • header (char **) – A pointer which will be set such that it points to the header of the record

  • sequence (char **) – A pointer which will be set such that it points to the sequence of the record

  • rest (char ***) – A pointer which will be set such that it points to an array of lines which also belong to the record

  • file (FILE *) – A file handle to read from (if NULL, this function reads from stdin)

  • options (unsigned int) – Some options which may be passed to alter the behavior of the function, use 0 for no options

Returns:

A flag with information about what the function actually did read

Return type:

unsigned int

Note

This function will exit any program with an error message if no sequence could be read!

This function is NOT threadsafe! It uses a global variable to store information about the next data

block. Do not forget to free the memory occupied by header, sequence and rest!

RNA.file_msa_detect_format(std::string filename, unsigned int options=) → unsigned int

Detect the format of a multiple sequence alignment file.

This function attempts to determine the format of a file that supposedly contains a multiple sequence alignment (MSA). This is useful in cases where a MSA file contains more than a single record and therefore RNA.file_msa_read() can not be applied, since it only retrieves the first. Here, one can try to guess the correct file format using this function and then loop over the file, record by record using one of the low-level record retrieval functions for the corresponding MSA file format.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function exists as an overloaded version where the options parameter may be omitted! In that case, the options parameter defaults to RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_DEFAULT.

Parameters:

  • filename (string) – The name of input file that contains the alignment

  • options (unsigned int) – Options to manipulate the behavior of this function

Returns:

The MSA file format, or RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_UNKNOWN

Return type:

unsigned int

See also

RNA.file_msa_read, RNA.file_stockholm_read_record, RNA.file_clustal_read_record, RNA.file_fasta_read_record

Note

This function parses the entire first record within the specified file. As a result, it returns RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_UNKNOWN not only if it can’t detect the file’s format, but also in cases where the file doesn’t contain sequences!

RNA.file_msa_read(std::string filename, unsigned int options=) → int

Read a multiple sequence alignment from file.

This function reads the (first) multiple sequence alignment from an input file. The read alignment is split into the sequence id/name part and the actual sequence information and stored in memory as arrays of ids/names and sequences. If the alignment file format allows for additional information, such as an ID of the entire alignment or consensus structure information, this data is retrieved as well and made available. The options parameter allows to specify the set of alignment file formats that should be used to retrieve the data. If 0 is passed as option, the list of alignment file formats defaults to RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_DEFAULT.

Currently, the list of parsable multiple sequence alignment file formats consists of:

  • ClustalW format

  • Stockholm 1.0 format

  • FASTA (Pearson) format

  • MAF format

SWIG Wrapper Notes

In the target scripting language, only the first and last argument, filename and options, are passed to the corresponding function. The other arguments, which serve as output in the C-library, are available as additional return values. Hence, a function call in python may look like this:

Parameters:

  • filename (string) – The name of input file that contains the alignment

  • names (char ***) – An address to the pointer where sequence identifiers should be written to

  • aln (char ***) – An address to the pointer where aligned sequences should be written to

  • id (char **) – An address to the pointer where the alignment ID should be written to (Maybe NULL)

  • structure (char **) – An address to the pointer where consensus structure information should be written to (Maybe NULL)

  • options (unsigned int) – Options to manipulate the behavior of this function

Returns:

The number of sequences in the alignment, or -1 if no alignment record could be found

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.file_msa_read_record, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_CLUSTAL, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_STOCKHOLM, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_FASTA, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_MAF, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_DEFAULT, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_NOCHECK

Note

After successfully reading an alignment, this function performs a validation of the data that includes uniqueness of the sequence identifiers, and equal sequence lengths. This check can be deactivated by passing RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_NOCHECK in the options parameter.

It is the users responsibility to free any memory occupied by the output arguments names, aln,

id, and structure after calling this function. The function automatically sets the latter two arguments to NULL in case no corresponding data could be retrieved from the input alignment.

After successfully reading the first record, the variable num_seq contains the number of sequences in the alignment (the actual return value of the C-function), while the variables names, aln, id, and structure are lists of the sequence names and aligned sequences, as well as strings holding the alignment ID and the structure as stated in the SS_cons line, respectively. Note, the last two return values may be empty strings in case the alignment does not provide the required data.

This function exists as an overloaded version where the options parameter may be omitted! In that case, the options parameter defaults to RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_STOCKHOLM.

RNA.file_msa_read_record(FILE * filehandle, unsigned int options=) → int

Read a multiple sequence alignment from file handle.

Similar to RNA.file_msa_read(), this function reads a multiple sequence alignment from an input file handle. Since using a file handle, this function is not limited to the first alignment record, but allows for looping over all alignments within the input.

The read alignment is split into the sequence id/name part and the actual sequence information and stored in memory as arrays of ids/names and sequences. If the alignment file format allows for additional information, such as an ID of the entire alignment or consensus structure information, this data is retrieved as well and made available. The options parameter allows to specify the alignment file format used to retrieve the data. A single format must be specified here, see RNA.file_msa_detect_format() for helping to determine the correct MSA file format.

Currently, the list of parsable multiple sequence alignment file formats consists of:

  • ClustalW format

  • Stockholm 1.0 format

  • FASTA (Pearson) format

  • MAF format

SWIG Wrapper Notes

In the target scripting language, only the first and last argument, fp and options, are passed to the corresponding function. The other arguments, which serve as output in the C-library, are available as additional return values. Hence, a function call in python may look like this:

Parameters:

  • fp (FILE *) – The file pointer the data will be retrieved from

  • names (char ***) – An address to the pointer where sequence identifiers should be written to

  • aln (char ***) – An address to the pointer where aligned sequences should be written to

  • id (char **) – An address to the pointer where the alignment ID should be written to (Maybe NULL)

  • structure (char **) – An address to the pointer where consensus structure information should be written to (Maybe NULL)

  • options (unsigned int) – Options to manipulate the behavior of this function

Returns:

The number of sequences in the alignment, or -1 if no alignment record could be found

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.file_msa_read, RNA.file_msa_detect_format, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_CLUSTAL, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_STOCKHOLM, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_FASTA, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_MAF, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_DEFAULT, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_NOCHECK

Note

After successfully reading an alignment, this function performs a validation of the data that includes uniqueness of the sequence identifiers, and equal sequence lengths. This check can be deactivated by passing RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_NOCHECK in the options parameter.

It is the users responsibility to free any memory occupied by the output arguments names, aln,

id, and structure after calling this function. The function automatically sets the latter two arguments to NULL in case no corresponding data could be retrieved from the input alignment.

After successfully reading the first record, the variable num_seq contains the number of sequences in the alignment (the actual return value of the C-function), while the variables names, aln, id, and structure are lists of the sequence names and aligned sequences, as well as strings holding the alignment ID and the structure as stated in the SS_cons line, respectively. Note, the last two return values may be empty strings in case the alignment does not provide the required data.

This function exists as an overloaded version where the options parameter may be omitted! In that case, the options parameter defaults to RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_STOCKHOLM.

RNA.file_msa_write(std::string filename, StringVector names, StringVector alignment, std::string id="", std::string structure="", std::string source="", unsigned int options=VRNA_FILE_FORMAT_MSA_STOCKHOLM|VRNA_FILE_FORMAT_MSA_APPEND) → int

Write multiple sequence alignment file.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

In the target scripting language, this function exists as a set of overloaded versions, where the last four parameters may be omitted. If the options parameter is missing the options default to (RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_STOCKHOLM | RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_APPEND).

Parameters:

  • filename (string) – The output filename

  • names (const char **) – The array of sequence names / identifies

  • aln (const char **) – The array of aligned sequences

  • id (string) – An optional ID for the alignment

  • structure (string) – An optional consensus structure

  • source (string) – A string describing the source of the alignment

  • options (unsigned int) – Options to manipulate the behavior of this function

Returns:

Non-null upon successfully writing the alignment to file

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_STOCKHOLM, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_APPEND, RNA.FILE_FORMAT_MSA_MIS

Note

Currently, we only support Stockholm 1.0 format output

RNA.filename_sanitize(*args)

Sanitize a file name.

Returns a new file name where all invalid characters are substituted by a replacement character. If no replacement character is supplied, invalid characters are simply removed from the filename. File names may also never exceed a length of 255 characters. Longer file names will undergo a ‘smart’ truncation process, where the filenames suffix, i.e. everything after the last dot .’, is attempted to be kept intact. Hence, only the filename part before the suffix is reduced in such a way that the total filename complies to the length restriction of 255 characters. If no suffix is present or the suffix itself already exceeds the maximum length, the filename is simply truncated from the back of the string.

For now we consider the following characters invalid:

  • backslash ‘'

  • slash ‘/’

  • question mark ‘?’

  • percent sign ‘’

  • asterisk ‘*’

  • colon ‘:’

  • pipe symbol ‘|’

  • double quote ‘”’

  • triangular brackets ‘<’ and ‘>’

Furthermore, the (resulting) file name must not be a reserved file name, such as:

  • ‘.’

  • ‘..’

Parameters:

  • name (string) – The input file name

  • replacement (string) – The replacement character, or NULL

Returns:

The sanitized file name, or NULL

Return type:

string

Note

This function allocates a new block of memory for the sanitized string. It also may return (a) NULL if the input is pointing to NULL, or (b) an empty string if the input only consists of invalid characters which are simply removed!

RNA.find_saddle(seq, s1, s2, width)

Find energy of a saddle point between 2 structures (search only direct path)

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.path_findpath_saddle() instead!

Parameters:

  • seq (string) – RNA sequence

  • s1 (string) – A pointer to the character array where the first secondary structure in dot-bracket notation will be written to

  • s2 (string) – A pointer to the character array where the second secondary structure in dot-bracket notation will be written to

  • width (int) – integer how many strutures are being kept during the search

Returns:

the saddle energy in 10cal/mol

Return type:

int

class RNA.floatArray(nelements)

Bases: object

cast()
static frompointer(t)
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.floatArray_frompointer(t)
RNA.floatP_getitem(ary, index)
RNA.floatP_setitem(ary, index, value)
RNA.fold(string) -> (structure, mfe)fold(string) -> (structure, mfe)

Compute Minimum Free Energy (MFE), and a corresponding secondary structure for an RNA sequence.

This simplified interface to RNA.fold_compound.mfe() computes the MFE and, if required, a secondary structure for an RNA sequence using default options. Memory required for dynamic programming (DP) matrices will be allocated and free’d on-the-fly. Hence, after return of this function, the recursively filled matrices are not available any more for any post-processing, e.g. suboptimal backtracking, etc.

Parameters:

  • sequence (string) – RNA sequence

  • structure (string) – A pointer to the character array where the secondary structure in dot-bracket notation will be written to

Returns:

the minimum free energy (MFE) in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.circfold, RNA.fold_compound.mfe

Note

In case you want to use the filled DP matrices for any subsequent post-processing step, or you require other conditions than specified by the default model details, use RNA.fold_compound.mfe(), and the data structure RNA.fold_compound() instead.

class RNA.fold_compound(*args)

Bases: object

The most basic data structure required by many functions throughout the RNAlib.

Note

Please read the documentation of this data structure carefully! Some attributes are only available for specific types this data structure can adopt.

Warning

Reading/Writing from/to attributes that are not within the scope of the current type usually result in undefined behavior!

See also

RNA.fold_compound().type, RNA.fold_compound(), RNA.fold_compound_comparative(), RNA.fold_compound_free(), RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE, RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This data structure is wrapped as an object fold_compound with several related functions attached as methods.

A new fold_compound can be obtained by calling one of its constructors:

  • fold_compound(seq)– Initialize with a single sequence, or two concatenated sequences separated by an ampersand character ‘&’ (for cofolding)

  • fold_compound(aln)– Initialize with a sequence alignment aln stored as a list of sequences (with gap characters)

The resulting object has a list of attached methods which in most cases directly correspond to functions that mainly operate on the corresponding C data structure:

  • type()– Get the type of the fold_compound (See RNA.fc_type)

  • length()– Get the length of the sequence(s) or alignment stored within the fold_compound

type

The type of the RNA.fold_compound().

Currently possible values are RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE, and RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Warning

Do not edit this attribute, it will be automagically set by the corresponding get() methods for the RNA.fold_compound(). The value specified in this attribute dictates the set of other attributes to use within this data structure.

Type:

const vrna_fc_type_e

length

The length of the sequence (or sequence alignment)

Type:

unsigned int

cutpoint

The position of the (cofold) cutpoint within the provided sequence. If there is no cutpoint, this field will be set to -1.

Type:

int

strand_number

The strand number a particular nucleotide is associated with.

Type:

list-like(unsigned int)

strand_order

The strand order, i.e. permutation of current concatenated sequence.

Type:

list-like(unsigned int)

strand_order_uniq

The strand order array where identical sequences have the same ID.

Type:

list-like(unsigned int)

strand_start

The start position of a particular strand within the current concatenated sequence.

Type:

list-like(unsigned int)

strand_end

The end (last) position of a particular strand within the current concatenated sequence.

Type:

list-like(unsigned int)

strands

Number of interacting strands.

Type:

unsigned int

nucleotides

Set of nucleotide sequences.

Type:

vrna_seq_t *

alignment

Set of alignments.

Type:

vrna_msa_t *

hc

The hard constraints data structure used for structure prediction.

Type:

vrna_hc_t *

matrices

The MFE DP matrices.

Type:

vrna_mx_mfe_t *

exp_matrices

The PF DP matrices

Type:

vrna_mx_pf_t *

params

The precomputed free energy contributions for each type of loop.

Type:

param

exp_params

The precomputed free energy contributions as Boltzmann factors

Type:

exp_param

iindx

DP matrix accessor

Type:

int *

jindx

DP matrix accessor

Type:

int *

stat_cb

Recursion status callback (usually called just before, and after recursive computations in the library.

See also

RNA.recursion_status, RNA.fold_compound.add_callback

Type:

vrna_recursion_status_f

auxdata

A pointer to auxiliary, user-defined data.

See also

RNA.fold_compound.add_auxdata, RNA.fold_compound

Type:

void *

free_auxdata

A callback to free auxiliary user data whenever the fold_compound itself is free’d.

See also

RNA.fold_compound, RNA.auxdata_free

Type:

vrna_auxdata_free_f

domains_struc

Additional structured domains.

Type:

vrna_sd_t *

domains_up

Additional unstructured domains.

Type:

vrna_ud_t *

aux_grammar

Additional decomposition grammar rules.

Type:

vrna_gr_aux_t *

sequence

The input sequence string.

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE

Type:

string

sequence_encoding

Numerical encoding of the input sequence.

See also

RNA.sequence_encode

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE

Type:

list-like(int)

encoding5
Type:

list-like(int)

encoding3
Type:

list-like(int)

sequence_encoding2
Type:

list-like(int)

ptype

Pair type array.

Contains the numerical encoding of the pair type for each pair (i,j) used in MFE, Partition function and Evaluation computations.

Note

This array is always indexed via jindx, in contrast to previously different indexing between mfe and pf variants!

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE

See also

RNA.idx_col_wise, RNA.ptypes

Type:

string

ptype_pf_compat

ptype array indexed via iindx

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This attribute will vanish in the future! It’s meant for backward compatibility only!

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE

Type:

string

sc

The soft constraints for usage in structure prediction and evaluation.

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE

Type:

vrna_sc_t *

sequences

The aligned sequences.

Note

The end of the alignment is indicated by a NULL pointer in the second dimension

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Type:

char **

n_seq

The number of sequences in the alignment.

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Type:

unsigned int

cons_seq

The consensus sequence of the aligned sequences.

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Type:

string

S_cons

Numerical encoding of the consensus sequence.

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Type:

list-like(int)

S

Numerical encoding of the sequences in the alignment.

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Type:

short **

S5

S5[s][i] holds next base 5’ of i in sequence s.

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Type:

short **

S3

Sl[s][i] holds next base 3’ of i in sequence s.

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Type:

short **

Ss
Type:

char **

a2s
Type:

list-like(list-like(unsigned int))

pscore

Precomputed array of pair types expressed as pairing scores.

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Type:

int *

pscore_local

Precomputed array of pair types expressed as pairing scores.

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Type:

int **

pscore_pf_compat

Precomputed array of pair types expressed as pairing scores indexed via iindx.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This attribute will vanish in the future!

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Type:

list-like(int)

scs

A set of soft constraints (for each sequence in the alignment)

Warning

Only available if

type==RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

Type:

vrna_sc_t **

oldAliEn
Type:

int

maxD1

Maximum allowed base pair distance to first reference.

Type:

unsigned int

maxD2

Maximum allowed base pair distance to second reference.

Type:

unsigned int

reference_pt1

A pairtable of the first reference structure.

Type:

list-like(int)

reference_pt2

A pairtable of the second reference structure.

Type:

list-like(int)

referenceBPs1

Matrix containing number of basepairs of reference structure1 in interval [i,j].

Type:

list-like(unsigned int)

referenceBPs2

Matrix containing number of basepairs of reference structure2 in interval [i,j].

Type:

list-like(unsigned int)

bpdist

Matrix containing base pair distance of reference structure 1 and 2 on interval [i,j].

Type:

list-like(unsigned int)

mm1

Maximum matching matrix, reference struct 1 disallowed.

Type:

list-like(unsigned int)

mm2

Maximum matching matrix, reference struct 2 disallowed.

Type:

list-like(unsigned int)

window_size

window size for local folding sliding window approach

Type:

int

ptype_local

Pair type array (for local folding)

Type:

char **

zscore_data

Data structure with settings for z-score computations.

Type:

vrna_zsc_dat_t

@17
Type:

union vrna_fc_s::@16

C++ includes
Type:

ViennaRNA/fold_compound.h

E_ext_hp_loop(i, j)

Evaluate the free energy of an exterior hairpin loop and consider possible hard constraints.

Note

This function is polymorphic! The provided RNA.fold_compound() may be of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE or RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

E_ext_int_loop(i, j)
E_hp_loop(i, j)

Evaluate the free energy of a hairpin loop and consider hard constraints if they apply.

This function evaluates the free energy of a hairpin loop

In case the base pair is not allowed due to a constraint conflict, this function returns INF.

Parameters:

  • i (int) – The 5’ nucleotide of the base pair (3’ to evaluate the pair as exterior hairpin loop)

  • j (int) – The 3’ nucleotide of the base pair (5’ to evaluate the pair as exterior hairpin loop)

Returns:

The free energy of the hairpin loop in 10cal/mol

Return type:

int

Note

This function is polymorphic! The provided RNA.fold_compound() may be of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE or RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

E_int_loop(i, j)
E_stack(i, j)
MEA(fold_compound self) → char
MEA(fold_compound self, double gamma) → char *

Compute a MEA (maximum expected accuracy) structure.

The algorithm maximizes the expected accuracy

\[A(S) = \sum_{(i,j) \in S} 2 \gamma p_{ij} + \sum_{i \notin S} p^u_{i}\]

Higher values of \(\gamma\) result in more base pairs of lower probability and thus higher sensitivity. Low values of \(\gamma\) result in structures containing only highly likely pairs (high specificity). The code of the MEA function also demonstrates the use of sparse dynamic programming scheme to reduce the time and memory complexity of folding.

Precondition

RNA.fold_compound.pf() must be executed on input parameter fc

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method **MEA**(gamma = 1.) to objects of type fold_compound. Note, that it returns the MEA structure and MEA value as a tuple (MEA_structure, MEA)

Parameters:

  • gamma (double) – The weighting factor for base pairs vs. unpaired nucleotides

  • mea (list-like(double)) – A pointer to a variable where the MEA value will be written to

Returns:

An MEA structure (or NULL on any error)

Return type:

string

add_auxdata(fold_compound self, PyObject * data, PyObject * PyFuncOrNone=Py_None) → PyObject *

Add auxiliary data to the RNA.fold_compound().

This function allows one to bind arbitrary data to a RNA.fold_compound() which may later on be used by one of the callback functions, e.g. RNA.recursion_status(). To allow for proper cleanup of the memory occupied by this auxiliary data, the user may also provide a pointer to a cleanup function that free’s the corresponding memory. This function will be called automatically when the RNA.fold_compound() is free’d with RNA.fold_compound_free().

Parameters:

  • data (void *) – A pointer to an arbitrary data structure

  • f (RNA.auxdata_free) – A pointer to function that free’s memory occupied by the arbitrary data (May be NULL)

See also

RNA.auxdata_free

Note

Before attaching the arbitrary data pointer, this function will call the RNA.auxdata_free() on any pre-existing data that is already attached.

add_callback(fold_compound self, PyObject * PyFunc) → PyObject *

Add a recursion status callback to the RNA.fold_compound().

Binding a recursion status callback function to a RNA.fold_compound() allows one to perform arbitrary operations just before, or after an actual recursive computations, e.g. MFE prediction, is performed by the RNAlib. The callback function will be provided with a pointer to its RNA.fold_compound(), and a status message. Hence, it has complete access to all variables that incluence the recursive computations.

Parameters:

f (RNA.recursion_status) – The pointer to the recursion status callback function

See also

RNA.recursion_status, RNA.fold_compound, RNA.STATUS_MFE_PRE, RNA.STATUS_MFE_POST, RNA.STATUS_PF_PRE, RNA.STATUS_PF_POST

backtrack(fold_compound self, unsigned int length) → char
backtrack(fold_compound self) → char *

Backtrack an MFE (sub)structure.

This function allows one to backtrack the MFE structure for a (sub)sequence

Precondition

Requires pre-filled MFE dynamic programming matrices, i.e. one has to call

RNA.fold_compound.mfe() prior to

calling this function

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method backtrack() to objects of type fold_compound with default parameter length equal to the total length of the RNA.

Parameters:

  • length (unsigned int) – The length of the subsequence, starting from the 5’ end

  • structure (string) – A pointer to the character array where the secondary structure in dot-bracket notation will be written to. (Must have size of at least $p length + 1)

Returns:

The minimum free energy (MFE) for the specified length in kcal/mol and a corresponding secondary structure in dot-bracket notation (stored in structure)

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold_compound.mfe, RNA.fold_compound.pbacktrack5

Note

On error, the function returns INF / 100. and stores the empty string in structure.

bpp()
centroid(fold_compound self) → char *

Get the centroid structure of the ensemble.

The centroid is the structure with the minimal average distance to all other structures \(<d(S)> = \sum_{(i,j) \in S} (1-p_{ij}) + \sum_{(i,j) \notin S} p_{ij}\) Thus, the centroid is simply the structure containing all pairs with \(p_{i}j>0.5\) The distance of the centroid to the ensemble is written to the memory adressed by dist.

Parameters:

dist (list-like(double)) – A pointer to the distance variable where the centroid distance will be written to

Returns:

The centroid structure of the ensemble in dot-bracket notation (NULL on error)

Return type:

string

commands_apply(fold_compound self, cmd commands, unsigned int options=) → int

Apply a list of commands to a RNA.fold_compound().

Parameters:

  • commands (RNA.cmd()) – The commands to apply

  • options (unsigned int) – Options to limit the type of commands read from the file

Returns:

The number of commands successfully applied

Return type:

int

constraints_add(fold_compound self, char const * constraint, unsigned int options=)

Add constraints to a RNA.fold_compound() data structure.

Use this function to add/update the hard/soft constraints The function allows for passing a string ‘constraint’ that can either be a filename that points to a constraints definition file or it may be a pseudo dot-bracket notation indicating hard constraints. For the latter, the user has to pass the RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB option. Also, the user has to specify, which characters are allowed to be interpreted as constraints by passing the corresponding options via the third parameter.

The following is an example for adding hard constraints given in pseudo dot-bracket notation. Here, fc is the RNA.fold_compound() object, structure is a char array with the hard constraint in dot-bracket notation, and enforceConstraints is a flag indicating whether or not constraints for base pairs should be enforced instead of just doing a removal of base pair that conflict with the constraint.

In constrat to the above, constraints may also be read from file:

Parameters:

  • constraint (string) – A string with either the filename of the constraint definitions or a pseudo dot-bracket notation of the hard constraint. May be NULL.

  • options (unsigned int) – The option flags

See also

RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_from_db, RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_up, RNA.hc_add_up_batch, RNA.hc_add_bp_unspecific, RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_bp, RNA.fold_compound.hc_init, RNA.fold_compound.sc_set_up, RNA.fold_compound.sc_set_bp, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_SHAPE_deigan, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_SHAPE_zarringhalam, RNA.hc_free, RNA.sc_free, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_DEFAULT, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_PIPE, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_DOT, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_X, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_ANG_BRACK, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_RND_BRACK, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_INTRAMOL, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_INTERMOL, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_GQUAD

db_from_probs()
ensemble_defect(*args)

Compute the Ensemble Defect for a given target structure.

This is a wrapper around RNA.ensemble_defect_pt(). Given a target structure \(s\), compute the average dissimilarity of a randomly drawn structure from the ensemble, i.e.:

\[ED(s) = 1 - \frac{1}{n} \sum_{ij, (i,j) \in s} p_{ij} - \frac{1}{n} \sum_{i}(1 - s_{i})q_{i}\]

with sequence length \(n\), the probability \(p_{ij}\) of a base pair \((i,j)\), the probability \(q_{i} = 1 - \sum_{j} p_{ij}\) of nucleotide \(i\) being unpaired, and the indicator variable \(s_{i} = 1\) if \(\exists (i,j) \in s\), and \(s_{i} = 0\) otherwise.

Precondition

The RNA.fold_compound() input parameter fc must contain a valid base pair probability matrix. This means that partition function and base pair probabilities must have been computed using fc before execution of this function!

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method ensemble_defect() to objects of type fold_compound. Note that the SWIG wrapper takes a structure in dot-bracket notation and converts it into a pair table using RNA.ptable_from_string(). The resulting pair table is then internally passed to RNA.ensemble_defect_pt(). To control which kind of matching brackets will be used during conversion, the optional argument options can be used. See also the description of RNA.ptable_from_string() for available options. (default: RNA.BRACKETS_RND).

Parameters:

structure (string) – A target structure in dot-bracket notation

Returns:

The ensemble defect with respect to the target structure, or -1. upon failure, e.g. pre- conditions are not met

Return type:

double

See also

RNA.fold_compound.pf, RNA.pairing_probs, RNA.ensemble_defect_pt

eval_covar_structure(structure)

Calculate the pseudo energy derived by the covariance scores of a set of aligned sequences.

Consensus structure prediction is driven by covariance scores of base pairs in rows of the provided alignment. This function allows one to retrieve the total amount of this covariance pseudo energy scores. The RNA.fold_compound() does not need to contain any DP matrices, but requires all most basic init values as one would get from a call like this:

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method eval_covar_structure() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

structure (string) – Secondary (consensus) structure in dot-bracket notation

Returns:

The covariance pseudo energy score of the input structure given the input sequence alignment in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold_compound_comparative, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure

Note

Accepts RNA.fold_compound() of type RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE only!

eval_ext_hp_loop(i, j)

Evaluate free energy of an exterior hairpin loop.

eval_ext_stem(i, j)

Evaluate the free energy of a base pair in the exterior loop.

Evalue the free energy of a base pair connecting two nucleotides in the exterior loop and take hard constraints into account.

Typically, this is simply dangling end contributions of the adjacent nucleotides, potentially a terminal A-U mismatch penalty, and maybe some generic soft constraint contribution for that decomposition.

Parameters:

  • i (int) – 5’ position of the base pair

  • j (int) – 3’ position of the base pair

Returns:

Free energy contribution that arises when this pair is formed in the exterior loop

Return type:

int

Note

For dangles == 1 || 3 this function also evaluates the three additional pairs (i + 1, j), (i, j - 1), and (i + 1, j - 1) and returns the minimum for all four possibilities in total.

eval_hp_loop(fold_compound self, int i, int j) → int

Evaluate free energy of a hairpin loop.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method eval_hp_loop() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • i (int) – 5’-position of the base pair

  • j (int) – 3’-position of the base pair

Returns:

Free energy of the hairpin loop closed by \((i,j)\) in deka-kal/mol

Return type:

int

Note

This function is polymorphic! The provided RNA.fold_compound() may be of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE or RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

eval_int_loop(fold_compound self, int i, int j, int k, int l) → int

Evaluate the free energy contribution of an interior loop with delimiting base pairs \((i,j)\) and \((k,l)\).

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method eval_int_loop() to objects of type fold_compound

Note

This function is polymorphic, i.e. it accepts RNA.fold_compound() of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE as well as RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

eval_loop_pt(*args)

Calculate energy of a loop.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method eval_loop_pt() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • i (int) – position of covering base pair

  • pt (const short *) – the pair table of the secondary structure

Returns:

free energy of the loop in 10cal/mol

Return type:

int

eval_move(structure, m1, m2)

Calculate energy of a move (closing or opening of a base pair)

If the parameters m1 and m2 are negative, it is deletion (opening) of a base pair, otherwise it is insertion (opening).

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method eval_move() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • structure (string) – secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • m1 (int) – first coordinate of base pair

  • m2 (int) – second coordinate of base pair

Returns:

energy change of the move in kcal/mol (INF / 100. upon any error)

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold_compound.eval_move_pt

eval_move_pt(*args)

Calculate energy of a move (closing or opening of a base pair)

If the parameters m1 and m2 are negative, it is deletion (opening) of a base pair, otherwise it is insertion (opening).

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method eval_move_pt() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • pt (list-like(int)) – the pair table of the secondary structure

  • m1 (int) – first coordinate of base pair

  • m2 (int) – second coordinate of base pair

Returns:

energy change of the move in 10cal/mol

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.eval_move

eval_structure(structure)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded RNA.

This function allows for energy evaluation of a given pair of structure and sequence (alignment). Model details, energy parameters, and possibly soft constraints are used as provided via the parameter ‘fc’. The RNA.fold_compound() does not need to contain any DP matrices, but requires all most basic init values as one would get from a call like this:

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method eval_structure() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

structure (string) – Secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

Returns:

The free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_verbose, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt_verbose, RNA.fold_compound, RNA.fold_compound_comparative, RNA.fold_compound.eval_covar_structure

Note

Accepts RNA.fold_compound() of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE and RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

eval_structure_pt(*args)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded RNA.

This function allows for energy evaluation of a given sequence/structure pair where the structure is provided in pair_table format as obtained from RNA.ptable(). Model details, energy parameters, and possibly soft constraints are used as provided via the parameter ‘fc’. The fold_compound does not need to contain any DP matrices, but all the most basic init values as one would get from a call like this:

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method eval_structure_pt() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

pt (const short *) – Secondary structure as pair_table

Returns:

The free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in 10cal/mol

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.ptable, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt_verbose

eval_structure_pt_verbose(*args)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded RNA.

This function is a simplyfied version of RNA.eval_structure_simple_v() that uses the default verbosity level.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method eval_structure_pt_verbose() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • pt (const short *) – Secondary structure as pair_table

  • file (FILE *) – A file handle where this function should print to (may be NULL).

Returns:

The free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in 10cal/mol

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.eval_structure_pt_v, RNA.ptable, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_verbose

eval_structure_verbose(structure, nullfile=None)

Calculate the free energy of an already folded RNA and print contributions on a per-loop base.

This function is a simplyfied version of RNA.eval_structure_v() that uses the default verbosity level.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method eval_structure_verbose() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • structure (string) – Secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • file (FILE *) – A file handle where this function should print to (may be NULL).

Returns:

The free energy of the input structure given the input sequence in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_verbose, RNA.fold_compound.eval_structure_pt_verbose

exp_E_ext_stem(i, j)

Evaluate a stem branching off the exterior loop (Boltzmann factor version)

Given a base pair \((i,j)\) encoded by type, compute the energy contribution including dangling-end/terminal-mismatch contributions. Instead of returning the energy contribution per-se, this function returns the corresponding Boltzmann factor. If either of the adjacent nucleotides \((i - 1)\) and \((j+1)\) must not contribute stacking energy, the corresponding encoding must be \(-1\).

Parameters:

  • type (unsigned int) – The base pair encoding

  • n5d (int) – The encoded nucleotide directly adjacent at the 5’ side of the base pair (may be -1)

  • n3d (int) – The encoded nucleotide directly adjacent at the 3’ side of the base pair (may be -1)

  • p (RNA.exp_param() *) – The pre-computed energy parameters (Boltzmann factor version)

Returns:

The Boltzmann weighted energy contribution of the introduced exterior-loop stem

Return type:

double

See also

RNA.E_ext_stem

exp_E_hp_loop(i, j)

High-Level function for hairpin loop energy evaluation (partition function variant)

See also

RNA.fold_compound.E_hp_loop

Note

This function is polymorphic! The provided RNA.fold_compound() may be of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE or RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

exp_E_int_loop(i, j)
exp_E_interior_loop(i, j, k, l)
property exp_matrices
property exp_params
exp_params_rescale(*args)

Rescale Boltzmann factors for partition function computations.

This function may be used to (automatically) rescale the Boltzmann factors used in partition function computations. Since partition functions over subsequences can easily become extremely large, the RNAlib internally rescales them to avoid numerical over- and/or underflow. Therefore, a proper scaling factor \(s\) needs to be chosen that in turn is then used to normalize the corresponding partition functions \(\hat{q}[i,j] = q[i,j] / s^{(j-i+1)}\).

This function provides two ways to automatically adjust the scaling factor.

  1. Automatic guess

  2. Automatic adjustment according to MFE

Passing NULL as second parameter activates the automatic guess mode. Here, the scaling factor is recomputed according to a mean free energy of 184.3*length cal for random sequences. On the other hand, if the MFE for a sequence is known, it can be used to recompute a more robust scaling factor, since it represents the lowest free energy of the entire ensemble of structures, i.e. the highest Boltzmann factor. To activate this second mode of automatic adjustment according to MFE, a pointer to the MFE value needs to be passed as second argument. This value is then taken to compute the scaling factor as \(s = exp((sfact * MFE) / kT / length )\), where sfact is an additional scaling weight located in the RNA.md() data structure of exp_params in fc.

Note

This recomputation only takes place if the pf_scale attribute of the exp_params data structure contained in fc has a value below 1.0.

The computed scaling factor \(s\) will be stored as pf_scale attribute of the exp_params data structure in fc.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached to RNA.fc() objects as overloaded exp_params_rescale() method.

When no parameter is passed to this method, the resulting action is the same as passing NULL as second parameter to RNA.fold_compound.exp_params_rescale(), i.e. default scaling of the partition function. Passing an energy in kcal/mol, e.g. as retrieved by a previous call to the mfe() method, instructs all subsequent calls to scale the partition function accordingly.

Parameters:

mfe (list-like(double)) – A pointer to the MFE (in kcal/mol) or NULL

See also

RNA.fold_compound.exp_params_subst, RNA.md, RNA.exp_param, RNA.fold_compound

exp_params_reset(md=None)

Reset Boltzmann factors for partition function computations within a RNA.fold_compound() according to provided, or default model details.

This function allows one to rescale Boltzmann factors for subsequent partition function computations according to a set of model details, e.g. temperature values. To do so, the caller provides either a pointer to a set of model details to be used for rescaling, or NULL if global default setting should be used.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached to RNA.fc() objects as overloaded exp_params_reset() method.

When no parameter is passed to this method, the resulting action is the same as passing NULL as second parameter to RNA.fold_compound.exp_params_reset(), i.e. global default model settings are used. Passing an object of type RNA.md() resets the fold compound according to the specifications stored within the RNA.md() object.

Parameters:

md (RNA.md() *) – A pointer to the new model details (or NULL for reset to defaults)

See also

RNA.fold_compound.params_reset, RNA.fold_compound.exp_params_subst, RNA.fold_compound.exp_params_rescale

exp_params_subst(par)

Update the energy parameters for subsequent partition function computations.

This function can be used to properly assign new energy parameters for partition function computations to a RNA.fold_compound(). For this purpose, the data of the provided pointer params will be copied into fc and a recomputation of the partition function scaling factor is issued, if the pf_scale attribute of params is less than 1.0.

Passing NULL as second argument leads to a reset of the energy parameters within fc to their default values

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached to RNA.fc() objects as overloaded exp_params_subst() method.

When no parameter is passed, the resulting action is the same as passing NULL as second parameter to RNA.fold_compound.exp_params_subst(), i.e. resetting the parameters to the global defaults.

Parameters:

params (RNA.exp_param() *) – A pointer to the new energy parameters

See also

RNA.fold_compound.exp_params_reset, RNA.fold_compound.exp_params_rescale, RNA.exp_param, RNA.md, RNA.exp_params

file_commands_apply(fold_compound self, std::string filename, unsigned int options=) → int
property hc
hc_add_bp(fold_compound self, int i, int j, unsigned int option=VRNA_CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_ALL_LOOPS)

Favorize/Enforce a certain base pair (i,j)

Parameters:

  • i (int) – The 5’ located nucleotide position of the base pair (1-based)

  • j (int) – The 3’ located nucleotide position of the base pair (1-based)

  • option (unsigned char) – The options flag indicating how/where to store the hard constraints

See also

RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_bp_nonspecific, RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_up, RNA.fold_compound.hc_init, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_EXT_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_HP_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_INT_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_INT_LOOP_ENC, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_MB_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_MB_LOOP_ENC, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_ENFORCE, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_ALL_LOOPS

hc_add_bp_nonspecific(fold_compound self, int i, int d, unsigned int option=VRNA_CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_ALL_LOOPS)

Enforce a nucleotide to be paired (upstream/downstream)

Parameters:

  • i (int) – The position that needs to stay unpaired (1-based)

  • d (int) – The direction of base pairing ( \(d < 0\): pairs upstream, \(d > 0\): pairs downstream, \(d == 0\): no direction)

  • option (unsigned char) – The options flag indicating in which loop type context the pairs may appear

See also

RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_bp, RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_up, RNA.fold_compound.hc_init, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_EXT_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_HP_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_INT_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_INT_LOOP_ENC, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_MB_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_MB_LOOP_ENC, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_ALL_LOOPS

hc_add_from_db(fold_compound self, char const * constraint, unsigned int options=) → int

Add hard constraints from pseudo dot-bracket notation.

This function allows one to apply hard constraints from a pseudo dot-bracket notation. The options parameter controls, which characters are recognized by the parser. Use the RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_DEFAULT convenience macro, if you want to allow all known characters

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method hc_add_from_db() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • constraint (string) – A pseudo dot-bracket notation of the hard constraint.

  • options (unsigned int) – The option flags

See also

RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_PIPE, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_DOT, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_X, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_ANG_BRACK, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_RND_BRACK, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_INTRAMOL, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_INTERMOL, RNA.CONSTRAINT_DB_GQUAD

hc_add_up(fold_compound self, int i, unsigned int option=VRNA_CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_ALL_LOOPS)

Make a certain nucleotide unpaired.

Parameters:

  • i (int) – The position that needs to stay unpaired (1-based)

  • option (unsigned char) – The options flag indicating how/where to store the hard constraints

See also

RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_bp, RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_bp_nonspecific, RNA.fold_compound.hc_init, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_EXT_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_HP_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_INT_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_MB_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_ALL_LOOPS

hc_init()

Initialize/Reset hard constraints to default values.

This function resets the hard constraints to their default values, i.e. all positions may be unpaired in all contexts, and base pairs are allowed in all contexts, if they resemble canonical pairs. Previously set hard constraints will be removed before initialization.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method hc_init() to objects of type fold_compound

See also

RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_bp, RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_bp_nonspecific, RNA.fold_compound.hc_add_up

heat_capacity(fold_compound self, float T_min=0., float T_max=100., float T_increment=1., unsigned int mpoints=2) → HeatCapacityVector

Compute the specific heat for an RNA.

This function computes an RNAs specific heat in a given temperature range from the partition function by numeric differentiation. The result is returned as a list of pairs of temperature in C and specific heat in Kcal/(Mol*K).

Users can specify the temperature range for the computation from T_min to T_max, as well as the increment step size T_increment. The latter also determines how many times the partition function is computed. Finally, the parameter mpoints determines how smooth the curve should be. The algorithm itself fits a parabola to \(2 \cdot mpoints + 1\) data points to calculate 2nd derivatives. Increasing this parameter produces a smoother curve.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method heat_capacity() to objects of type fold_compound. If the optional function arguments T_min, T_max, T_increment, and mpoints are omitted, they default to 0.0, 100.0, 1.0 and 2, respectively.

Parameters:

  • T_min (float) – Lowest temperature in C

  • T_max (float) – Highest temperature in C

  • T_increment (float) – Stepsize for temperature incrementation in C (a reasonable choice might be 1C)

  • mpoints (unsigned int) – The number of interpolation points to calculate 2nd derivative (a reasonable choice might be 2, min: 1, max: 100)

Returns:

A list of pairs of temperatures and corresponding heat capacity or NULL upon any failure. The last entry of the list is indicated by a temperature field set to a value smaller than T_min

Return type:

RNA.heat_capacity() *

See also

RNA.fold_compound.heat_capacity_cb, RNA.heat_capacity, RNA.heat_capacity

heat_capacity_cb(fold_compound self, float T_min, float T_max, float T_increment, unsigned int mpoints, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data=Py_None) → PyObject *

Compute the specific heat for an RNA (callback variant)

Similar to RNA.fold_compound.heat_capacity(), this function computes an RNAs specific heat in a given temperature range from the partition function by numeric differentiation. Instead of returning a list of temperature/specific heat pairs, however, this function returns the individual results through a callback mechanism. The provided function will be called for each result and passed the corresponding temperature and specific heat values along with the arbitrary data as provided through the data pointer argument.

Users can specify the temperature range for the computation from T_min to T_max, as well as the increment step size T_increment. The latter also determines how many times the partition function is computed. Finally, the parameter mpoints determines how smooth the curve should be. The algorithm itself fits a parabola to \(2 \cdot mpoints + 1\) data points to calculate 2nd derivatives. Increasing this parameter produces a smoother curve.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method heat_capacity_cb() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • T_min (float) – Lowest temperature in C

  • T_max (float) – Highest temperature in C

  • T_increment (float) – Stepsize for temperature incrementation in C (a reasonable choice might be 1C)

  • mpoints (unsigned int) – The number of interpolation points to calculate 2nd derivative (a reasonable choice might be 2, min: 1, max: 100)

  • cb (RNA.heat_capacity) – The user-defined callback function that receives the individual results

  • data (void *) – An arbitrary data structure that will be passed to the callback in conjunction with the results

Returns:

Returns 0 upon failure, and non-zero otherwise

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.heat_capacity, RNA.heat_capacity

property iindx
property jindx
property length
property matrices
maxmimum_matching()
mean_bp_distance()

Get the mean base pair distance in the thermodynamic ensemble.

\[<d> = \sum_{a,b} p_{a} p_{b} d(S_{a},S_{b})\]

this can be computed from the pair probs \(p_{ij}\) as

\[<d> = \sum_{ij} p_{ij}(1-p_{ij})\]
SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method mean_bp_distance() to objects of type fold_compound

Returns:

The mean pair distance of the structure ensemble

Return type:

double

mfe()

Compute minimum free energy and an appropriate secondary structure of an RNA sequence, or RNA sequence alignment.

Depending on the type of the provided RNA.fold_compound(), this function predicts the MFE for a single sequence (or connected component of multiple sequences), or an averaged MFE for a sequence alignment. If backtracking is activated, it also constructs the corresponding secondary structure, or consensus structure. Therefore, the second parameter, structure, has to point to an allocated block of memory with a size of at least \(\mathrm{strlen}(\mathrm{sequence})+1\) to store the backtracked MFE structure. (For consensus structures, this is the length of the alignment + 1. If NULL is passed, no backtracking will be performed.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method mfe() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

structure (string) – A pointer to the character array where the secondary structure in dot-bracket notation will be written to (Maybe NULL)

Returns:

the minimum free energy (MFE) in kcal/mol

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold_compound, RNA.fold_compound, RNA.fold, RNA.circfold, RNA.fold_compound_comparative, RNA.alifold, RNA.circalifold

Note

This function is polymorphic. It accepts RNA.fold_compound() of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE, and RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE.

mfe_dimer(fold_compound self) → char *

Compute the minimum free energy of two interacting RNA molecules.

The code is analog to the RNA.fold_compound.mfe() function.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function is obsolete since RNA.fold_compound.mfe() can handle complexes multiple sequences

since v2.5.0.

Use RNA.fold_compound.mfe() for connected component MFE instead and compute MFEs of unconnected

states

separately.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method mfe_dimer() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

structure (string) – Will hold the barcket dot structure of the dimer molecule

Returns:

minimum free energy of the structure

Return type:

float

See also

RNA.fold_compound.mfe

mfe_window(nullfile=None)

Local MFE prediction using a sliding window approach.

Computes minimum free energy structures using a sliding window approach, where base pairs may not span outside the window. In contrast to RNA.fold_compound.mfe(), where a maximum base pair span may be set using the RNA.md().max_bp_span attribute and one globally optimal structure is predicted, this function uses a sliding window to retrieve all locally optimal structures within each window. The size of the sliding window is set in the RNA.md().window_size attribute, prior to the retrieval of the RNA.fold_compound() using RNA.fold_compound() with option RNA.OPTION_WINDOW

The predicted structures are written on-the-fly, either to stdout, if a NULL pointer is passed as file parameter, or to the corresponding filehandle.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method mfe_window() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

file (FILE *) – The output file handle where predictions are written to (maybe NULL)

See also

RNA.fold_compound, RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window_zscore, RNA.fold_compound.mfe, RNA.Lfold, RNA.Lfoldz, RNA.OPTION_WINDOW, RNA.md, RNA.md

mfe_window_cb(fold_compound self, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data=Py_None) → float
mfe_window_zscore(min_z, nullfile=None)

Local MFE prediction using a sliding window approach (with z-score cut-off)

Computes minimum free energy structures using a sliding window approach, where base pairs may not span outside the window. This function is the z-score version of RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window(), i.e. only predictions above a certain z-score cut-off value are printed. As for RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window(), the size of the sliding window is set in the RNA.md().window_size attribute, prior to the retrieval of the RNA.fold_compound() using RNA.fold_compound() with option RNA.OPTION_WINDOW.

The predicted structures are written on-the-fly, either to stdout, if a NULL pointer is passed as file parameter, or to the corresponding filehandle.

Parameters:

  • min_z (double) – The minimal z-score for a predicted structure to appear in the output

  • file (FILE *) – The output file handle where predictions are written to (maybe NULL)

See also

RNA.fold_compound, RNA.fold_compound.mfe_window_zscore, RNA.fold_compound.mfe, RNA.Lfold, RNA.Lfoldz, RNA.OPTION_WINDOW, RNA.md, RNA.md

mfe_window_zscore_cb(fold_compound self, double min_z, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data=Py_None) → float
move_neighbor_diff(self, pt, move, options=4 | 8) → varArrayMove
move_neighbor_diff(fold_compound self, varArrayShort pt, move move, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data=Py_None, unsigned int options=(4|8)) → int

Apply a move to a secondary structure and indicate which neighbors have changed consequentially.

Similar to RNA.move_neighbor_diff_cb(), this function applies a move to a secondary structure and reports back the neighbors of the current structure become affected by this move. Instead of executing a callback for each of the affected neighbors, this function compiles two lists of neighbor moves, one that is returned and consists of all moves that are novel or may have changed in energy, and a second, invalid_moves, that consists of all the neighbor moves that become invalid, respectively.

Parameters:

  • ptable (list-like(int)) – The current structure as pair table

  • move (RNA.move()) – The move to apply

  • invalid_moves (RNA.move() **) – The address of a move list where the function stores those moves that become invalid

  • options (unsigned int) – Options to modify the behavior of this function, .e.g available move set

Returns:

A list of moves that might have changed in energy or are novel compared to the structure before application of the move

Return type:

RNA.move() *

neighbors(fold_compound self, varArrayShort pt, unsigned int options=(4|8)) → varArrayMove

Generate neighbors of a secondary structure.

This function allows one to generate all structural neighbors (according to a particular move set) of an RNA secondary structure. The neighborhood is then returned as a list of transitions / moves required to transform the current structure into the actual neighbor.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as an overloaded method neighbors() to objects of type fold_compound. The optional parameter options defaults to RNA.MOVESET_DEFAULT if it is omitted.

Parameters:

  • pt (const short *) – The pair table representation of the structure

  • options (unsigned int) – Options to modify the behavior of this function, e.g. available move set

Returns:

Neighbors as a list of moves / transitions (the last element in the list has both of its fields set to 0)

Return type:

RNA.move() *

See also

RNA.neighbors_successive, RNA.move_apply, RNA.MOVESET_INSERTION, RNA.MOVESET_DELETION, RNA.MOVESET_SHIFT, RNA.MOVESET_DEFAULT

property params
params_reset(md=None)

Reset free energy parameters within a RNA.fold_compound() according to provided, or default model details.

This function allows one to rescale free energy parameters for subsequent structure prediction or evaluation according to a set of model details, e.g. temperature values. To do so, the caller provides either a pointer to a set of model details to be used for rescaling, or NULL if global default setting should be used.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached to RNA.fc() objects as overloaded params_reset() method.

When no parameter is passed to this method, the resulting action is the same as passing NULL as second parameter to RNA.fold_compound.params_reset(), i.e. global default model settings are used. Passing an object of type RNA.md() resets the fold compound according to the specifications stored within the RNA.md() object.

Parameters:

md (RNA.md() *) – A pointer to the new model details (or NULL for reset to defaults)

See also

RNA.fold_compound.exp_params_reset, RNA.params_subs

params_subst(par=None)

Update/Reset energy parameters data structure within a RNA.fold_compound().

Passing NULL as second argument leads to a reset of the energy parameters within fc to their default values. Otherwise, the energy parameters provided will be copied over into fc.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached to RNA.fc() objects as overloaded params_subst() method.

When no parameter is passed, the resulting action is the same as passing NULL as second parameter to RNA.fold_compound.params_subst(), i.e. resetting the parameters to the global defaults.

Parameters:

par (RNA.param() *) – The energy parameters used to substitute those within fc (Maybe NULL)

See also

RNA.fold_compound.params_reset, RNA.param, RNA.md, RNA.params

path(fold_compound self, IntVector pt, unsigned int steps, unsigned int options=) → MoveVector
path(fold_compound self, varArrayShort pt, unsigned int steps, unsigned int options=) → MoveVector

Compute a path, store the final structure, and return a list of transition moves from the start to the final structure.

This function computes, given a start structure in pair table format, a transition path, updates the pair table to the final structure of the path. Finally, if not requested otherwise by using the RNA.PATH_NO_TRANSITION_OUTPUT flag in the options field, this function returns a list of individual transitions that lead from the start to the final structure if requested.

The currently available transition paths are

  • Steepest Descent / Gradient walk (flag: RNA.PATH_STEEPEST_DESCENT)

  • Random walk (flag: RNA.PATH_RANDOM)

The type of transitions must be set through the options parameter

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as an overloaded method path() to objects of type fold_compound. The optional parameter options defaults to RNA.PATH_DEFAULT if it is omitted.

Parameters:

  • pt (list-like(int)) – The pair table containing the start structure. Used to update to the final structure after execution of this function

  • options (unsigned int) – Options to modify the behavior of this function

Returns:

A list of transition moves (default), or NULL (if options & RNA.PATH_NO_TRANSITION_OUTPUT)

Return type:

RNA.move() *

See also

RNA.fold_compound.path_gradient, RNA.fold_compound.path_random, RNA.ptable, RNA.ptable_copy, RNA.fold_compound, RNA.PATH_RANDOM, RNA.MOVESET_DEFAULT, RNA.MOVESET_SHIFT, RNA.PATH_NO_TRANSITION_OUTPUT

Note

Since the result is written to the input structure you may want to use RNA.ptable_copy() before calling this function to keep the initial structure

path_direct(fold_compound self, std::string s1, std::string s2, int maxE=INT_MAX-1, path_options options=None) → PathVector

Determine an optimal direct (re-)folding path between two secondary structures.

This function is similar to RNA.path_direct(), but allows to specify an upper-bound for the saddle point energy. The underlying algorithms will stop determining an (optimal) (re-)folding path, if none can be found that has a saddle point below the specified upper-bound threshold maxE.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as an overloaded method path_direct() to objects of type fold_compound. The optional parameter maxE defaults to #INT_MAX - 1 if it is omitted, while the optional parameter options defaults to NULL. In case the function did not find a path with \(E_{saddle} < E_{max}\) it returns an empty list.

Parameters:

  • s1 (string) – The start structure in dot-bracket notation

  • s2 (string) – The target structure in dot-bracket notation

  • maxE (int) – Upper bound for the saddle point along the (re-)folding path

  • options (RNA.path_options()) – An options data structure that specifies the path heuristic and corresponding settings (maybe NULL)

Returns:

An optimal (re-)folding path between the two input structures

Return type:

RNA.path() *

Warning

The argument maxE enables one to specify an upper bound, or maximum free energy for the saddle point between the two input structures. If no path with \(E_{saddle} < E_{max}\) is found, the function simply returns NULL

See also

RNA.fold_compound.path_direct, RNA.path_options_findpath, RNA.path_options_free, RNA.path_free

path_findpath(fold_compound self, std::string s1, std::string s2, int width=1, int maxE=INT_MAX-1) → PathVector
path_findpath_saddle(fold_compound self, std::string s1, std::string s2, int width=1, int maxE=INT_MAX) → PyObject *

Find energy of a saddle point between 2 structures (search only direct path)

This function uses an inplementation of the findpath algorithm [8] for near-optimal direct refolding path prediction.

Model details, and energy parameters are used as provided via the parameter ‘fc’. The RNA.fold_compound() does not require memory for any DP matrices, but requires all most basic init values as one would get from a call like this:

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as an overloaded method path_findpath_saddle() to objects of type fold_compound. The optional parameter width defaults to 1 if it is omitted, while the optional parameter maxE defaults to INF. In case the function did not find a path with \(E_{saddle} < E_{max}\) the function returns a NULL object, i.e. undef for Perl and None for Python.

Parameters:

  • s1 (string) – The start structure in dot-bracket notation

  • s2 (string) – The target structure in dot-bracket notation

  • width (int) – A number specifying how many strutures are being kept at each step during the search

  • maxE (int) – An upper bound for the saddle point energy in 10cal/mol

Returns:

The saddle energy in 10cal/mol

Return type:

int

Warning

The argument maxE ( \(E_{max}\)) enables one to specify an upper bound, or maximum free energy for the saddle point between the two input structures. If no path with \(E_{saddle} < E_{max}\) is found, the function simply returns maxE

See also

RNA.path_findpath_saddle, RNA.fold_compound, RNA.fold_compound, RNA.path_findpath

path_gradient(fold_compound self, IntVector pt, unsigned int options=) → MoveVector
path_gradient(fold_compound self, varArrayShort pt, unsigned int options=) → MoveVector

Compute a steepest descent / gradient path, store the final structure, and return a list of transition moves from the start to the final structure.

This function computes, given a start structure in pair table format, a steepest descent path, updates the pair table to the final structure of the path. Finally, if not requested otherwise by using the RNA.PATH_NO_TRANSITION_OUTPUT flag in the options field, this function returns a list of individual transitions that lead from the start to the final structure if requested.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as an overloaded method path_gradient() to objects of type fold_compound. The optional parameter options defaults to RNA.PATH_DEFAULT if it is omitted.

Parameters:

  • pt (list-like(int)) – The pair table containing the start structure. Used to update to the final structure after execution of this function

  • options (unsigned int) – Options to modify the behavior of this function

Returns:

A list of transition moves (default), or NULL (if options & RNA.PATH_NO_TRANSITION_OUTPUT)

Return type:

RNA.move() *

See also

RNA.fold_compound.path_random, RNA.fold_compound.path, RNA.ptable, RNA.ptable_copy, RNA.fold_compound, RNA.MOVESET_SHIFT, RNA.PATH_NO_TRANSITION_OUTPUT

Note

Since the result is written to the input structure you may want to use RNA.ptable_copy() before calling this function to keep the initial structure

path_random(fold_compound self, IntVector pt, unsigned int steps, unsigned int options=) → MoveVector
path_random(fold_compound self, varArrayShort pt, unsigned int steps, unsigned int options=) → MoveVector

Generate a random walk / path of a given length, store the final structure, and return a list of transition moves from the start to the final structure.

This function generates, given a start structure in pair table format, a random walk / path, updates the pair table to the final structure of the path. Finally, if not requested otherwise by using the RNA.PATH_NO_TRANSITION_OUTPUT flag in the options field, this function returns a list of individual transitions that lead from the start to the final structure if requested.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as an overloaded method path_gradient() to objects of type fold_compound. The optional parameter options defaults to RNA.PATH_DEFAULT if it is omitted.

Parameters:

  • pt (list-like(int)) – The pair table containing the start structure. Used to update to the final structure after execution of this function

  • steps (unsigned int) – The length of the path, i.e. the total number of transitions / moves

  • options (unsigned int) – Options to modify the behavior of this function

Returns:

A list of transition moves (default), or NULL (if options & RNA.PATH_NO_TRANSITION_OUTPUT)

Return type:

RNA.move() *

See also

RNA.fold_compound.path_gradient, RNA.fold_compound.path, RNA.ptable, RNA.ptable_copy, RNA.fold_compound, RNA.MOVESET_SHIFT, RNA.PATH_NO_TRANSITION_OUTPUT

Note

Since the result is written to the input structure you may want to use RNA.ptable_copy() before calling this function to keep the initial structure

pbacktrack(fold_compound self) → char
pbacktrack(fold_compound self, unsigned int num_samples, unsigned int options=) → StringVector
pbacktrack(fold_compound self, unsigned int num_samples, pbacktrack_mem nr_memory, unsigned int options=) → StringVector
pbacktrack(self, num_samples, PyFunc, data=Py_None, options=0) → unsigned int
Parameters:

  • num_samples (unsigned int) –

  • PyFunc (PyObject *) –

  • data (PyObject *) –

  • options (unsigned int) –

  • pbacktrack(self –

  • num_samples –

  • PyFunc –

  • data –

  • nr_memory (vrna_pbacktrack_mem_t *) –

  • int (options=0) -> unsigned) –

  • num_samples –

  • PyFunc –

  • data –

  • nr_memory –

  • options –

Sample a secondary structure from the Boltzmann ensemble according its probability.

Perform a probabilistic (stochastic) backtracing in the partition function DP arrays to obtain a secondary structure.

The structure \(s\) with free energy \(E(s)\) is picked from the Boltzmann distributed ensemble according to its probability

\[p(s) = \frac{exp(-E(s) / kT)}{Z}\]

with partition function \(Z = \sum_{s} exp(-E(s) / kT)\), Boltzmann constant \(k\) and thermodynamic temperature \(T\).

Precondition

Unique multiloop decomposition has to be active upon creation of fc with RNA.fold_compound() or similar. This can be done easily by passing RNA.fold_compound() a model details parameter with RNA.md().uniq_ML = 1. RNA.fold_compound.pf() has to be called first to fill the partition

function

matrices

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method pbacktrack() to objects of type fold_compound. See also Python Examples - Boltzmann Sampling

Returns:

A sampled secondary structure in dot-bracket notation (or NULL on error)

Return type:

string

See also

RNA.fold_compound.pbacktrack5, RNA.pbacktrack_num, RNA.pbacktrack_cb

Note

This function is polymorphic. It accepts RNA.fold_compound() of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE, and RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE.

pbacktrack5(fold_compound self, unsigned int length) → char
pbacktrack5(fold_compound self, unsigned int num_samples, unsigned int length, unsigned int options=) → StringVector
pbacktrack5(fold_compound self, unsigned int num_samples, unsigned int length, pbacktrack_mem nr_memory, unsigned int options=) → StringVector
pbacktrack5(fold_compound self, unsigned int num_samples, unsigned int length, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data=Py_None, unsigned int options=0) → unsigned int
pbacktrack5(fold_compound self, unsigned int num_samples, unsigned int length, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data, pbacktrack_mem nr_memory, unsigned int options=0) → unsigned int

Sample a secondary structure of a subsequence from the Boltzmann ensemble according its probability.

Perform a probabilistic (stochastic) backtracing in the partition function DP arrays to obtain a secondary structure. The parameter length specifies the length of the substructure starting from the 5’ end.

The structure \(s\) with free energy \(E(s)\) is picked from the Boltzmann distributed ensemble according to its probability

\[p(s) = \frac{exp(-E(s) / kT)}{Z}\]

with partition function \(Z = \sum_{s} exp(-E(s) / kT)\), Boltzmann constant \(k\) and thermodynamic temperature \(T\).

Precondition

Unique multiloop decomposition has to be active upon creation of fc with RNA.fold_compound() or similar. This can be done easily by passing RNA.fold_compound() a model details parameter with RNA.md().uniq_ML = 1. RNA.fold_compound.pf() has to be called first to fill the partition

function

matrices

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method pbacktrack5() to objects of type fold_compound. See also Python Examples - Boltzmann Sampling

Parameters:

length (unsigned int) – The length of the subsequence to consider (starting with 5’ end)

Returns:

A sampled secondary structure in dot-bracket notation (or NULL on error)

Return type:

string

See also

RNA.pbacktrack5_num, RNA.pbacktrack5_cb, RNA.fold_compound.pbacktrack

Note

This function is polymorphic. It accepts RNA.fold_compound() of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE, and RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE.

pbacktrack_sub(fold_compound self, unsigned int start, unsigned int end) → char
pbacktrack_sub(fold_compound self, unsigned int num_samples, unsigned int start, unsigned int end, unsigned int options=) → StringVector
pbacktrack_sub(fold_compound self, unsigned int num_samples, unsigned int start, unsigned int end, pbacktrack_mem nr_memory, unsigned int options=) → StringVector
pbacktrack_sub(fold_compound self, unsigned int num_samples, unsigned int start, unsigned int end, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data=Py_None, unsigned int options=0) → unsigned int
pbacktrack_sub(fold_compound self, unsigned int num_samples, unsigned int start, unsigned int end, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data, pbacktrack_mem nr_memory, unsigned int options=0) → unsigned int

Sample a secondary structure of a subsequence from the Boltzmann ensemble according its probability.

Perform a probabilistic (stochastic) backtracing in the partition function DP arrays to obtain a secondary structure. The parameters start and end specify the interval \([start:end]\) of the subsequence with \(1 \leq start < end \leq n\) for sequence length \(n\), the structure \(s_{start,end}\) should be drawn from.

The resulting substructure \(s_{start,end}\) with free energy \(E(s_{start, end})\) is picked from the Boltzmann distributed sub ensemble of all structures within the interval \([start:end]\) according to its probability

\[p(s_{start,end}) = \frac{exp(-E(s_{start,end}) / kT)}{Z_{start,end}}\]

with partition function \(Z_{start,end} = \sum_{s_{start,end}} exp(-E(s_{start,end}) / kT)\), Boltzmann constant \(k\) and thermodynamic temperature \(T\).

Precondition

Unique multiloop decomposition has to be active upon creation of fc with RNA.fold_compound() or similar. This can be done easily by passing RNA.fold_compound() a model details parameter with RNA.md().uniq_ML = 1. RNA.fold_compound.pf() has to be called first to fill the partition

function

matrices

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method pbacktrack_sub() to objects of type fold_compound. See also Python Examples - Boltzmann Sampling

Parameters:

  • start (unsigned int) – The start of the subsequence to consider, i.e. 5’-end position(1-based)

  • end (unsigned int) – The end of the subsequence to consider, i.e. 3’-end position (1-based)

Returns:

A sampled secondary structure in dot-bracket notation (or NULL on error)

Return type:

string

See also

RNA.pbacktrack_sub_num, RNA.pbacktrack_sub_cb, RNA.fold_compound.pbacktrack

Note

This function is polymorphic. It accepts RNA.fold_compound() of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE, and RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE.

pf()

Compute the partition function \(Q\) for a given RNA sequence, or sequence alignment.

If structure is not a NULL pointer on input, it contains on return a string consisting of the letters ” . , | { } ( ) ” denoting bases that are essentially unpaired, weakly paired, strongly paired without preference, weakly upstream (downstream) paired, or strongly up- (down-)stream paired bases, respectively. If the model’s compute_bpp is set to 0 base pairing probabilities will not be computed (saving CPU time), otherwise after calculations took place pr will contain the probability that bases i and j pair.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method pf() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

structure (string) – A pointer to the character array where position-wise pairing propensity will be stored. (Maybe NULL)

Returns:

The ensemble free energy \(G = -RT \cdot \log(Q)\) in kcal/mol

Return type:

double

See also

RNA.fold_compound, RNA.fold_compound, RNA.pf_fold, RNA.pf_circfold, RNA.fold_compound_comparative, RNA.pf_alifold, RNA.pf_circalifold, RNA.db_from_probs, RNA.exp_params, RNA.aln_pinfo

Note

This function is polymorphic. It accepts RNA.fold_compound() of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE, and RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE. Also, this function may return INF / 100. in case of contradicting constraints or numerical over-/underflow. In the latter case, a corresponding warning will be issued to stdout.

pf_dimer()

Calculate partition function and base pair probabilities of nucleic acid/nucleic acid dimers.

This is the cofold partition function folding.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method pf_dimer() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

structure (string) – Will hold the structure or constraints

Returns:

RNA.dimer_pf() structure containing a set of energies needed for concentration computations.

Return type:

RNA.dimer_pf()

See also

RNA.fold_compound

Note

This function may return INF / 100. for the FA, FB, FAB, F0AB members of the output data structure in case of contradicting constraints or numerical over-/underflow. In the latter case, a corresponding warning will be issued to stdout.

plist_from_probs(fold_compound self, double cutoff) → ElemProbVector

Create a RNA.ep() from base pair probability matrix.

The probability matrix provided via the RNA.fold_compound() is parsed and all pair probabilities above the given threshold are used to create an entry in the plist

The end of the plist is marked by sequence positions i as well as j equal to 0. This condition should be used to stop looping over its entries

Parameters:

cut_off (double) – The cutoff value

Returns:

A pointer to the plist that is to be created

Return type:

RNA.ep() *

positional_entropy()

Compute a vector of positional entropies.

This function computes the positional entropies from base pair probabilities as

\[S(i) = - \sum_{j} p_{ij} \log(p_{ij}) - q_{i} \log(q_{i})\]

with unpaired probabilities \(q_{i} = 1 - \sum_{j} p_{ij}\).

Low entropy regions have little structural flexibility and the reliability of the predicted structure is high. High entropy implies many structural alternatives. While these alternatives may be functionally important, they make structure prediction more difficult and thus less reliable.

Precondition

This function requires pre-computed base pair probabilities! Thus, RNA.fold_compound.pf() must

be called

beforehand.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method positional_entropy() to objects of type fold_compound

Returns:

A 1-based vector of positional entropies \(S(i)\). (position 0 contains the sequence length)

Return type:

list-like(double)

pr_energy(e)
SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method pr_energy() to objects of type fold_compound

pr_structure(structure)

Compute the equilibrium probability of a particular secondary structure.

The probability \(p(s)\) of a particular secondary structure \(s\) can be computed as

\[p(s) = \frac{exp(-\beta E(s)}{Z}\]

from the structures free energy \(E(s)\) and the partition function

\[Z = \sum_{s} exp(-\beta E(s)),\quad\mathrm{with}\quad\beta = \frac{1}{RT}\]

where \(R\) is the gas constant and \(T\) the thermodynamic temperature.

Precondition

The fold compound fc must have went through a call to RNA.fold_compound.pf() to fill the

dynamic

programming matrices with the corresponding partition function.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method pr_structure() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

structure (string) – The secondary structure to compute the probability for in dot-bracket notation

Returns:

The probability of the input structure (range \([0:1]\))

Return type:

double

probs_window(fold_compound self, int ulength, unsigned int options, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data=Py_None) → int

Compute various equilibrium probabilities under a sliding window approach.

This function applies a sliding window scan for the sequence provided with the argument fc and reports back equilibrium probabilities through the callback function cb. The data reported to the callback depends on the options flag.

#### Options: .. note:

The parameter `ulength` only affects computation and resulting data if unpaired probability
computations are requested through the `options` flag.

*   RNA.PROBS_WINDOW_BPP - Trigger base pairing probabilities.
*   RNA.PROBS_WINDOW_UP - Trigger unpaired probabilities.
*   RNA.PROBS_WINDOW_UP_SPLIT - Trigger detailed unpaired probabilities split up into different
    loop type contexts.

Options may be OR-ed together
Parameters:

  • ulength (int) – The maximal length of an unpaired segment (only for unpaired probability computations)

  • cb (RNA.probs_window) – The callback function which collects the pair probability data for further processing

  • data (void *) – Some arbitrary data structure that is passed to the callback cb

  • options (unsigned int) – Option flags to control the behavior of this function

Returns:

0 on failure, non-zero on success

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.pfl_fold_cb, RNA.pfl_fold_up_cb

rotational_symmetry_db(structure)

Determine the order of rotational symmetry for a dot-bracket structure.

Given a (permutation of multiple) RNA strand(s) and a particular secondary structure in dot-bracket notation, compute the degree of rotational symmetry. In case there is only a single linear RNA strand, the structure always has degree 1, as there are no rotational symmetries due to the direction of the nucleic acid sequence and the fixed positions of 5’ and 3’ ends. However, for circular RNAs, rotational symmetries might arise if the sequence consists of a concatenation of \(k\) identical subsequences.

If the argument positions is not NULL, the function stores an array of string start positions for rotational shifts that map the string back onto itself. This array has length of order of rotational symmetry, i.e. the number returned by this function. The first element positions`[0] always contains a shift value of `0 representing the trivial rotation.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method rotational_symmetry_db() to objects of type fold_compound (i.e. RNA.fold_compound()). Thus, the first argument must be omitted. In contrast to our C-implementation, this function doesn’t simply return the order of rotational symmetry of the secondary structure, but returns the list position of cyclic permutation shifts that result in a rotationally symmetric structure. The length of the list then determines the order of rotational symmetry.

Parameters:

  • structure (string) – The dot-bracket structure the degree of rotational symmetry is checked for

  • positions (list-like(list-like(unsigned int))) – A pointer to an (undefined) list of alternative string start positions that lead to an identity mapping (may be NULL)

Returns:

The degree of rotational symmetry of the structure (0 in case of any errors)

Return type:

unsigned int

See also

RNA.rotational_symmetry_db, RNA.rotational_symmetry_pos, RNA.rotational_symmetry_pos_num

Note

Do not forget to release the memory occupied by positions after a successful execution of this function.

sc_add_SHAPE_deigan(fold_compound self, DoubleVector reactivities, double m, double b, unsigned int options=) → int

Add SHAPE reactivity data as soft constraints (Deigan et al. method)

This approach of SHAPE directed RNA folding uses the simple linear ansatz

\[\Delta G_{\text{SHAPE}}(i) = m \ln(\text{SHAPE reactivity}(i)+1)+ b\]

to convert SHAPE reactivity values to pseudo energies whenever a nucleotide \(i\) contributes to a stacked pair. A positive slope \(m\) penalizes high reactivities in paired regions, while a negative intercept \(b\) results in a confirmatory `bonus’ free energy for correctly predicted base pairs. Since the energy evaluation of a base pair stack involves two pairs, the pseudo energies are added for all four contributing nucleotides. Consequently, the energy term is applied twice for pairs inside a helix and only once for pairs adjacent to other structures. For all other loop types the energy model remains unchanged even when the experimental data highly disagrees with a certain motif.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_add_SHAPE_deigan() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • reactivities (const double *) – A vector of normalized SHAPE reactivities

  • m (double) – The slope of the conversion function

  • b (double) – The intercept of the conversion function

  • options (unsigned int) – The options flag indicating how/where to store the soft constraints

Returns:

1 on successful extraction of the method, 0 on errors

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_remove, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_SHAPE_zarringhalam, RNA.sc_minimize_pertubation

Note

For further details, we refer to [7].

sc_add_SHAPE_deigan_ali(fold_compound self, StringVector shape_files, IntVector shape_file_association, double m, double b, unsigned int options=) → int

Add SHAPE reactivity data from files as soft constraints for consensus structure prediction (Deigan et al. method)

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_add_SHAPE_deigan_ali() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • shape_files (const char **) – A set of filenames that contain normalized SHAPE reactivity data

  • shape_file_association (const int *) – An array of integers that associate the files with sequences in the alignment

  • m (double) – The slope of the conversion function

  • b (double) – The intercept of the conversion function

  • options (unsigned int) – The options flag indicating how/where to store the soft constraints

Returns:

1 on successful extraction of the method, 0 on errors

Return type:

int

sc_add_SHAPE_zarringhalam(fold_compound self, DoubleVector reactivities, double b, double default_value, char const * shape_conversion, unsigned int options=) → int

Add SHAPE reactivity data as soft constraints (Zarringhalam et al. method)

This method first converts the observed SHAPE reactivity of nucleotide \(i\) into a probability \(q_{i}\) that position \(i\) is unpaired by means of a non-linear map. Then pseudo-energies of the form

\[\Delta G_{\text{SHAPE}}(x,i) = \beta\ |x_{i} - q_{i}|\]

are computed, where \(x_{i}=0\) if position \(i\) is unpaired and \(x_{i}=1\) if \(i\) is paired in a given secondary structure. The parameter \(\beta\) serves as scaling factor. The magnitude of discrepancy between prediction and experimental observation is represented by \(|x_{i} - q_{i}|\).

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_add_SHAPE_zarringhalam() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • reactivities (const double *) – A vector of normalized SHAPE reactivities

  • b (double) – The scaling factor \(\beta\) of the conversion function

  • default_value (double) – The default value for a nucleotide where reactivity data is missing for

  • shape_conversion (string) – A flag that specifies how to convert reactivities to probabilities

  • options (unsigned int) – The options flag indicating how/where to store the soft constraints

Returns:

1 on successful extraction of the method, 0 on errors

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_remove, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_SHAPE_deigan, RNA.sc_minimize_pertubation

Note

For further details, we refer to [33]

sc_add_bp(*args)

Add soft constraints for paired nucleotides.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as an overloaded method sc_add_bp() to objects of type fold_compound. The method either takes arguments for a single base pair (i,j) with the corresponding energy value:

or an entire 2-dimensional matrix with dimensions n x n that stores free energy contributions for

any base pair (i,j) with \(1 \leq i < j \leq n\): In both variants, the options argument is optional can may be omitted.

Parameters:

  • i (int) – The 5’ position of the base pair the soft constraint is added for

  • j (int) – The 3’ position of the base pair the soft constraint is added for

  • energy (double) – The free energy (soft-constraint) in \(kcal / mol\)

  • options (unsigned int) – The options flag indicating how/where to store the soft constraints

Returns:

Non-zero on successful application of the constraint, 0 otherwise.

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_set_bp, RNA.fold_compound.sc_set_up, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_up

sc_add_bt(fold_compound self, PyObject * PyFunc) → int

Bind a backtracking function pointer for generic soft constraint feature.

This function allows one to easily bind a function pointer to the soft constraint part RNA.sc() of the RNA.fold_compound(). The provided function should be used for backtracking purposes in loop regions that were altered via the generic soft constraint feature. It has to return an array of RNA.basepair() data structures, were the last element in the list is indicated by a value of -1 in it’s i position.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_add_bt() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

f (RNA.sc_bt) – A pointer to the function that returns additional base pairs

Returns:

Non-zero on successful binding the callback function, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_data, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_exp

sc_add_data(fold_compound self, PyObject * data, PyObject * callback=Py_None) → int

Add an auxiliary data structure for the generic soft constraints callback function.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_add_data() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • data (void *) – A pointer to the data structure that holds required data for function ‘f’

  • free_data (RNA.auxdata_free) – A pointer to a function that free’s the memory occupied by data (Maybe NULL)

Returns:

Non-zero on successful binding the data (and free-function), 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_add, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_exp, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_bt

sc_add_exp_f(fold_compound self, PyObject * PyFunc) → int

Bind a function pointer for generic soft constraint feature (PF version)

This function allows one to easily bind a function pointer and corresponding data structure to the soft constraint part RNA.sc() of the RNA.fold_compound(). The function for evaluating the generic soft constraint feature has to return a pseudo free energy \(\hat{E}\) as Boltzmann factor, i.e. \(exp(- \hat{E} / kT)\). The required unit for \(E\) is \(cal/mol\).

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_add_exp() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

exp (RNA.sc_exp) – A pointer to the function that evaluates the generic soft constraint feature

Returns:

Non-zero on successful binding the callback function, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_bt, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_data

sc_add_f(fold_compound self, PyObject * callback) → int

Bind a function pointer for generic soft constraint feature (MFE version)

This function allows one to easily bind a function pointer and corresponding data structure to the soft constraint part RNA.sc() of the RNA.fold_compound(). The function for evaluating the generic soft constraint feature has to return a pseudo free energy \(\hat{E}\) in \(dacal/mol\), where \(1 dacal/mol = 10 cal/mol\).

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_add() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

f (RNA.sc) – A pointer to the function that evaluates the generic soft constraint feature

Returns:

Non-zero on successful binding the callback function, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_data, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_bt, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_exp

sc_add_hi_motif(fold_compound self, char const * seq, char const * structure, FLT_OR_DBL energy, unsigned int options=) → int

Add soft constraints for hairpin or interior loop binding motif.

Here is an example that adds a theophylline binding motif. Free energy contribution is derived from \(k_{d} = 0.1 \mu M\), taken from Jenison et al. 1994. At \(1M\) concentration the corresponding binding free energy amounts to \(-9.93~kcal/mol\).

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_add_hi_motif() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • seq (string) – The sequence motif (may be interspaced by ‘&’ character

  • structure (string) – The structure motif (may be interspaced by ‘&’ character

  • energy (double) – The free energy of the motif (e.g. binding free energy)

  • options (unsigned int) – Options

Returns:

non-zero value if application of the motif using soft constraints was successful

Return type:

int

sc_add_stack(fold_compound self, int i, double energy, unsigned int options=) → int
sc_add_stack(fold_compound self, int i, DoubleVector energies, unsigned int options=) → int
sc_add_up(*args)

Add soft constraints for unpaired nucleotides.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as an overloaded method sc_add_up() to objects of type fold_compound. The method either takes arguments for a single nucleotide \(i\) with the corresponding energy value:

or an entire vector that stores free energy contributions for each nucleotide \(i\) with

\(1 \leq i \leq n\): In both variants, the options argument is optional can may be omitted.

Parameters:

  • i (int) – The nucleotide position the soft constraint is added for

  • energy (double) – The free energy (soft-constraint) in \(kcal / mol\)

  • options (unsigned int) – The options flag indicating how/where to store the soft constraints

Returns:

Non-zero on successful application of the constraint, 0 otherwise.

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_set_up, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_bp, RNA.fold_compound.sc_set_bp

sc_init()

Initialize an empty soft constraints data structure within a RNA.fold_compound().

This function adds a proper soft constraints data structure to the RNA.fold_compound() data structure. If soft constraints already exist within the fold compound, they are removed.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_init() to objects of type fold_compound

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_set_bp, RNA.fold_compound.sc_set_up, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_SHAPE_deigan, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_SHAPE_zarringhalam, RNA.fold_compound.sc_remove, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_exp, RNA.sc_add_pre, RNA.sc_add_post

Note

Accepts RNA.fold_compound() of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE and RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

sc_mod(*args, **kwargs)

Prepare soft constraint callbacks for modified base as specified in JSON string.

This function takes a RNA.sc_mod_param() data structure as obtained from RNA.sc_mod_read_from_json() or RNA.sc_mod_read_from_jsonfile() and prepares all requirements to acknowledge modified bases as specified in the provided params data structure. All subsequent predictions will treat each modification site special and adjust energy contributions if necessary.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method sc_mod() to objects of type fold_compound with default options = RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Parameters:

  • json – The JSON formatted string with the modified base parameters

  • modification_sites (const unsigned int *) – A list of modification site, i.e. positions that contain the modified base (1-based, last element in the list indicated by 0)

  • options (unsigned int) – A bitvector of options how to handle the input, e.g. RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Returns:

Number of sequence positions modified base parameters will be used for

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.sc_mod_read_from_json, RNA.sc_mod_read_from_jsonfile, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_json, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_jsonfile, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_m6A, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_pseudouridine, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_inosine, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_7DA, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_purine, RNA.sc_mod_dihydrouridine, RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_UNMOD, RNA.SC_MOD_SILENT, RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

sc_mod_7DA(*args, **kwargs)

Add soft constraint callbacks for 7-deaza-adenosine (7DA)

This is a convenience wrapper to add support for 7-deaza-adenosine using the soft constraint callback mechanism. Modification sites are provided as a list of sequence positions (1-based). Energy parameter corrections are derived from [24].

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method sc_mod_7DA() to objects of type fold_compound with default options = RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Parameters:

  • modification_sites (const unsigned int *) – A list of modification site, i.e. positions that contain the modified base (1-based, last element in the list indicated by 0)

  • options (unsigned int) – A bitvector of options how to handle the input, e.g. RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Returns:

Number of sequence positions modified base parameters will be used for

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_FALLBACK, RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_UNMOD, RNA.SC_MOD_SILENT, RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

sc_mod_dihydrouridine(*args, **kwargs)

Add soft constraint callbacks for dihydrouridine.

This is a convenience wrapper to add support for dihydrouridine using the soft constraint callback mechanism. Modification sites are provided as a list of sequence positions (1-based). Energy parameter corrections are derived from Rosetta/RECESS predictions.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method sc_mod_dihydrouridine() to objects of type fold_compound with default options = RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Parameters:

  • modification_sites (const unsigned int *) – A list of modification site, i.e. positions that contain the modified base (1-based, last element in the list indicated by 0)

  • options (unsigned int) – A bitvector of options how to handle the input, e.g. RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Returns:

Number of sequence positions modified base parameters will be used for

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_FALLBACK, RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_UNMOD, RNA.SC_MOD_SILENT, RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

sc_mod_inosine(*args, **kwargs)

Add soft constraint callbacks for Inosine.

This is a convenience wrapper to add support for inosine using the soft constraint callback mechanism. Modification sites are provided as a list of sequence positions (1-based). Energy parameter corrections are derived from [30] and [31].

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method sc_mod_inosine() to objects of type fold_compound with default options = RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Parameters:

  • modification_sites (const unsigned int *) – A list of modification site, i.e. positions that contain the modified base (1-based, last element in the list indicated by 0)

  • options (unsigned int) – A bitvector of options how to handle the input, e.g. RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Returns:

Number of sequence positions modified base parameters will be used for

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_FALLBACK, RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_UNMOD, RNA.SC_MOD_SILENT, RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

sc_mod_json(*args, **kwargs)

Prepare soft constraint callbacks for modified base as specified in JSON string.

This function prepares all requirements to acknowledge modified bases as specified in the provided json string. All subsequent predictions will treat each modification site special and adjust energy contributions if necessary.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method sc_mod_json() to objects of type fold_compound with default options = RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Parameters:

  • json (string) – The JSON formatted string with the modified base parameters

  • modification_sites (const unsigned int *) – A list of modification site, i.e. positions that contain the modified base (1-based, last element in the list indicated by 0)

  • options (unsigned int) – A bitvector of options how to handle the input, e.g. RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Returns:

Number of sequence positions modified base parameters will be used for

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_jsonfile, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_m6A, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_pseudouridine, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_inosine, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_7DA, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_purine, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_dihydrouridine, RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_FALLBACK, RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_UNMOD, RNA.SC_MOD_SILENT, RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT, JSON, Parameter

sc_mod_jsonfile(*args, **kwargs)

Prepare soft constraint callbacks for modified base as specified in JSON string.

Similar to RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_json(), this function prepares all requirements to acknowledge modified bases as specified in the provided json file. All subsequent predictions will treat each modification site special and adjust energy contributions if necessary.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method sc_mod_jsonfile() to objects of type fold_compound with default options = RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Parameters:

  • json – The JSON formatted string with the modified base parameters

  • modification_sites (const unsigned int *) – A list of modification site, i.e. positions that contain the modified base (1-based, last element in the list indicated by 0)

Returns:

Number of sequence positions modified base parameters will be used for

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_json, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_m6A, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_pseudouridine, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_inosine, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_7DA, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_purine, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod_dihydrouridine, RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_FALLBACK, RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_UNMOD, RNA.SC_MOD_SILENT, RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT, JSON, Parameter

sc_mod_m6A(*args, **kwargs)

Add soft constraint callbacks for N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A)

This is a convenience wrapper to add support for m6A using the soft constraint callback mechanism. Modification sites are provided as a list of sequence positions (1-based). Energy parameter corrections are derived from [17].

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method sc_mod_m6A() to objects of type fold_compound with default options = RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Parameters:

  • modification_sites (const unsigned int *) – A list of modification site, i.e. positions that contain the modified base (1-based, last element in the list indicated by 0)

  • options (unsigned int) – A bitvector of options how to handle the input, e.g. RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Returns:

Number of sequence positions modified base parameters will be used for

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_FALLBACK, RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_UNMOD, RNA.SC_MOD_SILENT, RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

sc_mod_pseudouridine(*args, **kwargs)

Add soft constraint callbacks for Pseudouridine.

This is a convenience wrapper to add support for pseudouridine using the soft constraint callback mechanism. Modification sites are provided as a list of sequence positions (1-based). Energy parameter corrections are derived from [15].

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method sc_mod_pseudouridine() to objects of type fold_compound with default options = RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Parameters:

  • modification_sites (const unsigned int *) – A list of modification site, i.e. positions that contain the modified base (1-based, last element in the list indicated by 0)

  • options (unsigned int) – A bitvector of options how to handle the input, e.g. RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Returns:

Number of sequence positions modified base parameters will be used for

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_FALLBACK, RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_UNMOD, RNA.SC_MOD_SILENT, RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

sc_mod_purine(*args, **kwargs)

Add soft constraint callbacks for Purine (a.k.a. nebularine)

This is a convenience wrapper to add support for Purine using the soft constraint callback mechanism. Modification sites are provided as a list of sequence positions (1-based). Energy parameter corrections are derived from [16].

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as overloaded method sc_mod_purine() to objects of type fold_compound with default options = RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Parameters:

  • modification_sites (const unsigned int *) – A list of modification site, i.e. positions that contain the modified base (1-based, last element in the list indicated by 0)

  • options (unsigned int) – A bitvector of options how to handle the input, e.g. RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

Returns:

Number of sequence positions modified base parameters will be used for

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_FALLBACK, RNA.SC_MOD_CHECK_UNMOD, RNA.SC_MOD_SILENT, RNA.SC_MOD_DEFAULT

sc_remove()

Remove soft constraints from RNA.fold_compound().

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_remove() to objects of type fold_compound

Note

Accepts RNA.fold_compound() of type RNA.FC_TYPE_SINGLE and RNA.FC_TYPE_COMPARATIVE

sc_set_bp(fold_compound self, DoubleDoubleVector constraints, unsigned int options=) → int

Set soft constraints for paired nucleotides.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_set_bp() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • constraints (const FLT_OR_DBL **) – A two-dimensional array of pseudo free energies in \(kcal / mol\)

  • options (unsigned int) – The options flag indicating how/where to store the soft constraints

Returns:

Non-zero on successful application of the constraint, 0 otherwise.

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_bp, RNA.fold_compound.sc_set_up, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_up

Note

This function replaces any pre-exisitng soft constraints with the ones supplied in constraints.

sc_set_stack(fold_compound self, DoubleVector constraints, unsigned int options=) → int
sc_set_stack(fold_compound self, DoubleDoubleVector constraints, unsigned int options=) → int
sc_set_up(fold_compound self, DoubleVector constraints, unsigned int options=) → int

Set soft constraints for unpaired nucleotides.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method sc_set_up() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • constraints (const FLT_OR_DBL *) – A vector of pseudo free energies in \(kcal / mol\)

  • options (unsigned int) – The options flag indicating how/where to store the soft constraints

Returns:

Non-zero on successful application of the constraint, 0 otherwise.

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_up, RNA.fold_compound.sc_set_bp, RNA.fold_compound.sc_add_bp

Note

This function replaces any pre-exisitng soft constraints with the ones supplied in constraints.

property sequence
sequence_add(*args, **kwargs)
property sequence_encoding
property sequence_encoding2
sequence_prepare()
sequence_remove(i)
sequence_remove_all()
property strand_end
property strand_number
property strand_order
property strand_start
property strands
subopt(fold_compound self, int delta, int sorted=1, FILE * nullfile=None) → SuboptVector

Returns list of subopt structures or writes to fp.

This function produces all suboptimal secondary structures within ‘delta’ * 0.01 kcal/mol of the optimum, see [32]. The results are either directly written to a ‘fp’ (if ‘fp’ is not NULL), or (fp==NULL) returned in a RNA.subopt_solution() * list terminated by an entry were the ‘structure’ member is NULL.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method subopt() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • delta (int) –

  • sorted (int) – Sort results by energy in ascending order

  • fp (FILE *) –

Return type:

RNA.subopt_solution() *

See also

RNA.fold_compound.subopt_cb, RNA.fold_compound.subopt_zuker

Note

This function requires all multibranch loop DP matrices for unique multibranch loop backtracing. Therefore, the supplied RNA.fold_compound()`fc` (argument 1) must be initialized with RNA.md().uniq_ML = 1, for instance like this:

subopt_cb(fold_compound self, int delta, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data=Py_None) → PyObject *

Generate suboptimal structures within an energy band arround the MFE.

This is the most generic implementation of the suboptimal structure generator according to Wuchty et al. 1999 [32]. Identical to RNA.fold_compound.subopt(), it computes all secondary structures within an energy band delta arround the MFE. However, this function does not print the resulting structures and their corresponding free energies to a file pointer, or returns them as a list. Instead, it calls a user-provided callback function which it passes the structure in dot-bracket format, the corresponding free energy in kcal/mol, and a user-provided data structure each time a structure was backtracked successfully. This function indicates the final output, i.e. the end of the backtracking procedure by passing NULL instead of an actual dot-bracket string to the callback.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method subopt_cb() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • delta (int) – Energy band arround the MFE in 10cal/mol, i.e. deka-calories

  • cb (RNA.subopt_result) – Pointer to a callback function that handles the backtracked structure and its free energy in kcal/mol

  • data (void *) – Pointer to some data structure that is passed along to the callback

See also

RNA.subopt_result, RNA.fold_compound.subopt, RNA.fold_compound.subopt_zuker

Note

This function requires all multibranch loop DP matrices for unique multibranch loop backtracing. Therefore, the supplied RNA.fold_compound()`fc` (argument 1) must be initialized with RNA.md().uniq_ML = 1, for instance like this:

subopt_zuker()

Compute Zuker type suboptimal structures.

Compute Suboptimal structures according to M. Zuker [35] , i.e. for every possible base pair the minimum energy structure containing the resp. base pair. Returns a list of these structures and their energies.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method subopt_zuker() to objects of type fold_compound

Returns:

List of zuker suboptimal structures

Return type:

RNA.subopt_solution() *

See also

RNA.fold_compound.subopt, zukersubopt, zukersubopt_par

property thisown

The membership flag

property type
ud_add_motif(fold_compound self, std::string motif, double motif_en, std::string name="", unsigned int options=)

Add an unstructured domain motif, e.g. for ligand binding.

This function adds a ligand binding motif and the associated binding free energy to the RNA.ud() attribute of a RNA.fold_compound(). The motif data will then be used in subsequent secondary structure predictions. Multiple calls to this function with different motifs append all additional data to a list of ligands, which all will be evaluated. Ligand motif data can be removed from the RNA.fold_compound() again using the RNA.fold_compound.ud_remove() function. The loop type parameter allows one to limit the ligand binding to particular loop type, such as the exterior loop, hairpin loops, interior loops, or multibranch loops.

Parameters:

  • motif (string) – The sequence motif the ligand binds to

  • motif_en (double) – The binding free energy of the ligand in kcal/mol

  • motif_name (string) – The name/id of the motif (may be NULL)

  • loop_type (unsigned int) – The loop type the ligand binds to

See also

RNA.UNSTRUCTURED_DOMAIN_EXT_LOOP, RNA.UNSTRUCTURED_DOMAIN_HP_LOOP, RNA.UNSTRUCTURED_DOMAIN_INT_LOOP, RNA.UNSTRUCTURED_DOMAIN_MB_LOOP, RNA.UNSTRUCTURED_DOMAIN_ALL_LOOPS, RNA.fold_compound.ud_remove

ud_remove()

Remove ligand binding to unpaired stretches.

This function removes all ligand motifs that were bound to a RNA.fold_compound() using the RNA.fold_compound.ud_add_motif() function.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method ud_remove() to objects of type fold_compound

ud_set_data(fold_compound self, PyObject * data, PyObject * free_cb=Py_None) → PyObject *

Attach an auxiliary data structure.

This function binds an arbitrary, auxiliary data structure for user-implemented ligand binding. The optional callback free_cb will be passed the bound data structure whenever the RNA.fold_compound() is removed from memory to avoid memory leaks.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method ud_set_data() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • data (void *) – A pointer to the auxiliary data structure

  • free_cb (RNA.auxdata_free) – A pointer to a callback function that free’s memory occupied by data

See also

RNA.fold_compound.ud_set_prod_rule_cb, RNA.fold_compound.ud_set_exp_prod_rule_cb, RNA.fold_compound.ud_remove

ud_set_exp_prod_rule_cb(fold_compound self, PyObject * prod_cb, PyObject * eval_cb) → PyObject *

Attach production rule for partition function.

This function is the partition function companion of RNA.fold_compound.ud_set_prod_rule_cb().

Use it to bind callbacks to (i) fill the U production rule dynamic programming matrices and/or prepare the RNA.unstructured_domain().data, and (ii) provide a callback to retrieve partition functions for subsegments \([i,j]\).

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method ud_set_exp_prod_rule_cb() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • pre_cb (RNA.ud_exp_production) – A pointer to a callback function for the B production rule

  • exp_e_cb (RNA.ud_exp) – A pointer to a callback function that retrieves the partition function for a segment \([i,j]\) that may be bound by one or more ligands.

See also

RNA.fold_compound.ud_set_prod_rule_cb

ud_set_prob_cb(fold_compound self, PyObject * setter_cb, PyObject * getter_cb) → PyObject *
SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method ud_set_prob_cb() to objects of type fold_compound

ud_set_prod_rule_cb(fold_compound self, PyObject * prod_cb, PyObject * eval_cb) → PyObject *

Attach production rule callbacks for free energies computations.

Use this function to bind a user-implemented grammar extension for unstructured domains.

The callback e_cb needs to evaluate the free energy contribution \(f(i,j)\) of the unpaired segment \([i,j]\). It will be executed in each of the regular secondary structure production rules. Whenever the callback is passed the RNA.UNSTRUCTURED_DOMAIN_MOTIF flag via its loop_type parameter the contribution of any ligand that consecutively binds from position \(i\) to \(j\) (the white box) is requested. Otherwise, the callback usually performs a lookup in the precomputed B matrices. Which B matrix is addressed will be indicated by the flags RNA.UNSTRUCTURED_DOMAIN_EXT_LOOP, RNA.UNSTRUCTURED_DOMAIN_HP_LOOPRNA.UNSTRUCTURED_DOMAIN_INT_LOOP, and RNA.UNSTRUCTURED_DOMAIN_MB_LOOP. As their names already imply, they specify exterior loops (F production rule), hairpin loops and interior loops (C production rule), and multibranch loops (M and M1 production rule).

The pre_cb callback will be executed as a pre-processing step right before the regular secondary structure rules. Usually one would use this callback to fill the dynamic programming matrices U and preparations of the auxiliary data structure RNA.unstructured_domain().data

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is attached as method ud_set_prod_rule_cb() to objects of type fold_compound

Parameters:

  • pre_cb (RNA.ud_production) – A pointer to a callback function for the B production rule

  • e_cb (RNA.ud) – A pointer to a callback function for free energy evaluation

zsc_compute(i, j, e)
zsc_compute_raw(i, j, e)
zsc_filter_free()
zsc_filter_init(*args, **kwargs)
zsc_filter_on()
zsc_filter_threshold()
zsc_filter_update(*args, **kwargs)
RNA.free_alifold_arrays()

Free the memory occupied by MFE alifold functions.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Usage of this function is discouraged! It only affects memory being free’d that was allocated by an old API function before. Release of memory occupied by the newly introduced RNA.fold_compound() is handled by RNA.fold_compound_free()

See also

RNA.fold_compound_free

RNA.free_arrays()

Free arrays for mfe folding.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: See RNA.fold(), RNA.circfold(), or RNA.fold_compound.mfe() and RNA.fold_compound() for the usage

of the

new API!

RNA.free_co_arrays()

Free memory occupied by cofold()

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function will only free memory allocated by a prior call of cofold() or cofold_par(). See RNA.fold_compound.mfe_dimer() for how to use the new API

See also

RNA.fc_destroy, RNA.fold_compound.mfe_dimer

Note

folding matrices now reside in the fold compound, and should be free’d there

RNA.free_co_pf_arrays()

Free the memory occupied by co_pf_fold()

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function will be removed for the new API soon! See RNA.fold_compound.pf_dimer(),

RNA.fold_compound(),

and RNA.fold_compound_free() for an alternative

RNA.free_path(path)

Free memory allocated by get_path() function.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.path_free() instead!

Parameters:

path (RNA.path() *) – pointer to memory to be freed

RNA.free_pf_arrays()

Free arrays for the partition function recursions.

Call this function if you want to free all allocated memory associated with the partition function forward recursion.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: See RNA.fold_compound() and its related functions for how to free memory occupied by the dynamic programming matrices

Note

Successive calls of pf_fold(), pf_circ_fold() already check if they should free any memory from a previous run. OpenMP notice:

This function should be called before leaving a thread in order to avoid leaking memory

Postcondition

All memory allocated by pf_fold_par(), pf_fold() or pf_circ_fold() will be free’d

See also

pf_fold_par, pf_fold, pf_circ_fold

RNA.free_profile(T)

free space allocated in Make_bp_profile

Backward compatibility only. You can just use plain free()

RNA.free_tree(t)

Free the memory allocated for Tree t.

Parameters:

t (Tree *) –

RNA.get_aligned_line(arg1)
RNA.get_centroid_struct_pl(length, dist, pl)

Get the centroid structure of the ensemble.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function was renamed to RNA.centroid_from_plist()

RNA.get_centroid_struct_pr(length, dist, pr)

Get the centroid structure of the ensemble.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function was renamed to RNA.centroid_from_probs()

RNA.get_concentrations(FcAB, FcAA, FcBB, FEA, FEB, A0, BO)
RNA.get_multi_input_line(string, options)
RNA.get_path(std::string seq, std::string s1, std::string s2, int maxkeep) → PathVector
RNA.get_pr(i, j)
RNA.get_xy_coordinates(char const * structure) → COORDINATE

Compute nucleotide coordinates for secondary structure plot.

This function takes a secondary structure and computes X-Y coordinates for each nucleotide that then can be used to create a structure plot. The parameter plot_type is used to select the underlying layout algorithm. Currently, the following selections are provided:

  • RNA.PLOT_TYPE_SIMPLE

  • RNA.PLOT_TYPE_NAVIEW

  • RNA.PLOT_TYPE_CIRCULAR

  • RNA.PLOT_TYPE_TURTLE

  • RNA.PLOT_TYPE_PUZZLER

Passing an unsupported selection leads to the default algorithm RNA.PLOT_TYPE_NAVIEW

Here is a simple example how to use this function, assuming variable structure contains a valid dot-bracket string:

Parameters:

  • structure (string) – The secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • x (float **) – The address of a pointer of X coordinates (pointer will point to memory, or NULL on failure)

  • y (float **) – The address of a pointer of Y coordinates (pointer will point to memory, or NULL on failure)

  • plot_type (int) – The layout algorithm to be used

Returns:

The length of the structure on success, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.plot_coords_pt, RNA.plot_coords_simple, RNA.plot_coords_naview, RNA.plot_coords_circular, RNA.plot_coords_turtle, RNA.plot_coords_puzzler

Note

On success, this function allocates memory for X and Y coordinates and assigns the pointers at addressess x and y to the corresponding memory locations. It’s the users responsibility to cleanup this memory after usage!

RNA.gettype(ident)
RNA.gmlRNA(string, structure, ssfile, option)

Produce a secondary structure graph in Graph Meta Language (gml) and write it to a file.

If ‘option’ is an uppercase letter the RNA sequence is used to label nodes, if ‘option’ equals ‘X’ or ‘x’ the resulting file will coordinates for an initial layout of the graph.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – The RNA sequence

  • structure (string) – The secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • ssfile (string) – The filename of the gml output

  • option (char) – The option flag

Returns:

1 on success, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

RNA.hamming(s1, s2)

Calculate hamming distance between two sequences.

Parameters:

  • s1 (string) – The first sequence

  • s2 (string) – The second sequence

Returns:

The hamming distance between s1 and s2

Return type:

int

RNA.hamming_bound(s1, s2, n)

Calculate hamming distance between two sequences up to a specified length.

This function is similar to RNA.hamming_distance() but instead of comparing both sequences up to their actual length only the first ‘n’ characters are taken into account

Parameters:

  • s1 (string) – The first sequence

  • s2 (string) – The second sequence

  • n (int) – The length of the subsequences to consider (starting from the 5’ end)

Returns:

The hamming distance between s1 and s2

Return type:

int

RNA.hamming_distance(s1, s2)
RNA.hamming_distance_bound(s1, s2, n)
class RNA.hc

Bases: object

The hard constraints data structure.

The content of this data structure determines the decomposition pattern used in the folding recursions. Attribute ‘matrix’ is used as source for the branching pattern of the decompositions during all folding recursions. Any entry in matrix[i,j] consists of the 6 LSB that allows one to distinguish the following types of base pairs:

  • in the exterior loop (RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_EXT_LOOP)

  • enclosing a hairpin (RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_HP_LOOP)

  • enclosing an interior loop (RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_INT_LOOP)

  • enclosed by an exterior loop (RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_INT_LOOP_ENC)

  • enclosing a multi branch loop (RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_MB_LOOP)

  • enclosed by a multi branch loop (RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_MB_LOOP_ENC)

The four linear arrays ‘up_xxx’ provide the number of available unpaired nucleotides (including position i) 3’ of each position in the sequence.

See also

RNA.fold_compound.hc_init, RNA.hc_free, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_EXT_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_HP_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_INT_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_MB_LOOP, RNA.CONSTRAINT_CONTEXT_MB_LOOP_ENC

type
Type:

vrna_hc_type_e

n
Type:

unsigned int

state
Type:

unsigned char

mx
Type:

unsigned char *

matrix_local
Type:

unsigned char **

@23
Type:

union vrna_hc_s::@22

up_ext

A linear array that holds the number of allowed unpaired nucleotides in an exterior loop.

Type:

int *

up_hp

A linear array that holds the number of allowed unpaired nucleotides in a hairpin loop.

Type:

int *

up_int

A linear array that holds the number of allowed unpaired nucleotides in an interior loop.

Type:

int *

up_ml

A linear array that holds the number of allowed unpaired nucleotides in a multi branched loop.

Type:

int *

f

A function pointer that returns whether or not a certain decomposition may be evaluated.

Type:

vrna_hc_eval_f

data

A pointer to some structure where the user may store necessary data to evaluate its generic hard constraint function.

Type:

void *

free_data

A pointer to a function to free memory occupied by auxiliary data.

The function this pointer is pointing to will be called upon destruction of the RNA.hc(), and provided with the RNA.hc().data pointer that may hold auxiliary data. Hence, to avoid leaking memory, the user may use this pointer to free memory occupied by auxiliary data.

Type:

vrna_auxdata_free_f

depot
Type:

vrna_hc_depot_t *

C++ includes
Type:

ViennaRNA/constraints/hard.h

property mx
property n
property thisown

The membership flag

property type
property up_ext
property up_hp
property up_int
property up_ml
RNA.heat_capacity(sequence, T_min=0.0, T_max=100.0, T_increment=1.0, mpoints=2)

Compute the specific heat for an RNA (simplified variant)

Similar to RNA.fold_compound.heat_capacity(), this function computes an RNAs specific heat in a given temperature range from the partition function by numeric differentiation. This simplified version, however, only requires the RNA sequence as input instead of a RNA.fold_compound() data structure. The result is returned as a list of pairs of temperature in C and specific heat in Kcal/(Mol*K).

Users can specify the temperature range for the computation from T_min to T_max, as well as the increment step size T_increment. The latter also determines how many times the partition function is computed. Finally, the parameter mpoints determines how smooth the curve should be. The algorithm itself fits a parabola to \(2 \cdot mpoints + 1\) data points to calculate 2nd derivatives. Increasing this parameter produces a smoother curve.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as overloaded function heat_capacity(). If the optional function arguments T_min, T_max, T_increment, and mpoints are omitted, they default to 0.0, 100.0, 1.0 and 2, respectively.

Parameters:

  • sequence (string) – The RNA sequence input (must be uppercase)

  • T_min (float) – Lowest temperature in C

  • T_max (float) – Highest temperature in C

  • T_increment (float) – Stepsize for temperature incrementation in C (a reasonable choice might be 1C)

  • mpoints (unsigned int) – The number of interpolation points to calculate 2nd derivative (a reasonable choice might be 2, min: 1, max: 100)

Returns:

A list of pairs of temperatures and corresponding heat capacity or NULL upon any failure. The last entry of the list is indicated by a temperature field set to a value smaller than T_min

Return type:

RNA.heat_capacity() *

See also

RNA.fold_compound.heat_capacity, RNA.fold_compound.heat_capacity_cb, RNA.heat_capacity, RNA.heat_capacity

class RNA.heat_capacity_result

Bases: object

property heat_capacity
property temperature
property thisown

The membership flag

class RNA.hx(start, end, length, up5=0, up3=0)

Bases: object

property end
property length
property start
property thisown

The membership flag

property up3
property up5
RNA.hx_from_ptable(IntVector pt) → HelixVector
RNA.hx_from_ptable(varArrayShort pt) → HelixVector

Convert a pair table representation of a secondary structure into a helix list.

Parameters:

pt (list-like(int)) – The secondary structure in pair table representation

Returns:

The secondary structure represented as a helix list

Return type:

RNA.hx() *

RNA.init_pf_fold(length)

Allocate space for pf_fold()

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function is obsolete and will be removed soon!

RNA.init_rand(*args)

Initialize the random number generator with a pre-defined seed.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as an overloaded function init_rand() where the argument seed is optional.

Parameters:

seed (unsigned int) – The seed for the random number generator

See also

RNA.init_rand, RNA.urn

RNA.initialize_cofold(length)

allocate arrays for folding

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: {This function is obsolete and will be removed soon!}

class RNA.intArray(nelements)

Bases: object

cast()
static frompointer(t)
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.intArray_frompointer(t)
RNA.intP_getitem(ary, index)
RNA.intP_setitem(ary, index, value)
RNA.int_urn(_from, to)

Generates a pseudo random integer in a specified range.

Parameters:

  • from (int) – The first number in range

  • to (int) – The last number in range

Returns:

A pseudo random number in range [from, to]

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.urn, RNA.init_rand

RNA.inverse_fold(char * start, char const * target) → char *

Find sequences with predefined structure.

This function searches for a sequence with minimum free energy structure provided in the parameter ‘target’, starting with sequence ‘start’. It returns 0 if the search was successful, otherwise a structure distance in terms of the energy difference between the search result and the actual target ‘target’ is returned. The found sequence is returned in ‘start’. If give_up is set to 1, the function will return as soon as it is clear that the search will be unsuccessful, this speeds up the algorithm if you are only interested in exact solutions.

Parameters:

  • start (string) – The start sequence

  • target (string) – The target secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

Returns:

The distance to the target in case a search was unsuccessful, 0 otherwise

Return type:

float

RNA.inverse_pf_fold(char * start, char const * target) → char *

Find sequence that maximizes probability of a predefined structure.

This function searches for a sequence with maximum probability to fold into the provided structure ‘target’ using the partition function algorithm. It returns \(-kT \cdot \log(p)\) where \(p\) is the frequency of ‘target’ in the ensemble of possible structures. This is usually much slower than inverse_fold().

Parameters:

  • start (string) – The start sequence

  • target (string) – The target secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

Returns:

The distance to the target in case a search was unsuccessful, 0 otherwise

Return type:

float

RNA.last_parameter_file()

Get the file name of the parameter file that was most recently loaded.

Returns:

The file name of the last parameter file, or NULL if parameters are still at defaults

Return type:

string

RNA.loop_energy(ptable, s, s1, i)

Calculate energy of a loop.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.fold_compound.eval_loop_pt() instead!

Parameters:

  • ptable (list-like(int)) – the pair table of the secondary structure

  • s (list-like(int)) – encoded RNA sequence

  • s1 (list-like(int)) – encoded RNA sequence

  • i (int) – position of covering base pair

Returns:

free energy of the loop in 10cal/mol

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.fold_compound.eval_loop_pt

RNA.loopidx_from_ptable(IntVector pt) → IntVector
RNA.loopidx_from_ptable(varArrayShort pt) → varArrayInt

Get a loop index representation of a structure.

RNA.make_loop_index(structure)
RNA.make_tree(struc)

Constructs a Tree ( essentially the postorder list ) of the structure ‘struc’, for use in tree_edit_distance().

Parameters:

struc (string) – may be any rooted structure representation.

Return type:

Tree *

RNA.maximum_matching(sequence)
SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as global function maximum_matching().

class RNA.md(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: object

The data structure that contains the complete model details used throughout the calculations.

For convenience reasons, we provide the type name RNA.md() to address this data structure without the use of the struct keyword

See also

RNA.md.reset(), set_model_details(), RNA.md_update(), RNA.md()

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This data structure is wrapped as an object md with multiple related functions attached as methods.

A new set of default parameters can be obtained by calling the constructure of md:

  • md()– Initialize with default settings

The resulting object has a list of attached methods which directly correspond to functions that mainly operate on the corresponding C data structure:

  • reset()–RNA.md_set_default()

  • set_from_globals()–set_model_details()

  • option_string()–RNA.md_option_string()

Note, that default parameters can be modified by directly setting any of the following global variables. Internally, getting/setting default parameters using their global variable representative translates into calls of the following functions, therefore these wrappers for these functions do not exist in the scripting language interface(s):

global variable

C getter

C setter

temperature

RNA.md_defaults_temperature_get()

RNA.md_defaults_temperature()

dangles

RNA.md_defaults_dangles_get()

RNA.md_defaults_dangles()

betaScale

RNA.md_defaults_betaScale_get()

RNA.md_defaults_betaScale()

tetra_loop

this is an alias of special_hp

special_hp

RNA.md_defaults_special_hp_get()

RNA.md_defaults_special_hp()

noLonelyPairs

this is an alias of noLP

noLP

RNA.md_defaults_noLP_get()

RNA.md_defaults_noLP()

noGU

RNA.md_defaults_noGU_get()

RNA.md_defaults_noGU()

no_closingGU

this is an alias of noGUclosure

noGUclosure

RNA.md_defaults_noGUclosure_get()

RNA.md_defaults_noGUclosure()

logML

RNA.md_defaults_logML_get()

RNA.md_defaults_logML()

circ

RNA.md_defaults_circ_get()

RNA.md_defaults_circ()

gquad

RNA.md_defaults_gquad_get()

RNA.md_defaults_gquad()

uniq_ML

RNA.md_defaults_uniq_ML_get()

RNA.md_defaults_uniq_ML()

energy_set

RNA.md_defaults_energy_set_get()

RNA.md_defaults_energy_set()

backtrack

RNA.md_defaults_backtrack_get()

RNA.md_defaults_backtrack()

backtrack_type

RNA.md_defaults_backtrack_type_get()

RNA.md_defaults_backtrack_type()

do_backtrack

this is an alias of compute_bpp

compute_bpp

RNA.md_defaults_compute_bpp_get()

RNA.md_defaults_compute_bpp()

max_bp_span

RNA.md_defaults_max_bp_span_get()

RNA.md_defaults_max_bp_span()

min_loop_size

RNA.md_defaults_min_loop_size_get()

RNA.md_defaults_min_loop_size()

window_size

RNA.md_defaults_window_size_get()

RNA.md_defaults_window_size()

oldAliEn

RNA.md_defaults_oldAliEn_get()

RNA.md_defaults_oldAliEn()

ribo

RNA.md_defaults_ribo_get()

RNA.md_defaults_ribo()

cv_fact

RNA.md_defaults_cv_fact_get()

RNA.md_defaults_cv_fact()

nc_fact

RNA.md_defaults_nc_fact_get()

RNA.md_defaults_nc_fact()

sfact

RNA.md_defaults_sfact_get()

RNA.md_defaults_sfact()

temperature

The temperature used to scale the thermodynamic parameters.

Type:

double

betaScale

A scaling factor for the thermodynamic temperature of the Boltzmann factors.

Type:

double

pf_smooth

A flat specifying whether energies in Boltzmann factors need to be smoothed.

Type:

int

dangles

Specifies the dangle model used in any energy evaluation (0,1,2 or 3)

If set to 0 no stabilizing energies are assigned to bases adjacent to helices in free ends and multiloops (so called dangling ends). Normally (dangles = 1) dangling end energies are assigned only to unpaired bases and a base cannot participate simultaneously in two dangling ends. In the partition function algorithm RNA.fold_compound.pf() these checks are neglected. To provide comparability between free energy minimization and partition function algorithms, the default setting is 2. This treatment of dangling ends gives more favorable energies to helices directly adjacent to one another, which can be beneficial since such helices often do engage in stabilizing interactions through co-axial stacking. If set to 3 co-axial stacking is explicitly included for adjacent helices in multiloops. The option affects only mfe folding and energy evaluation (RNA.mfe() and RNA.eval_structure()), as well as suboptimal folding (RNA.subopt()) via re-evaluation of energies. Co-axial stacking with one intervening mismatch is not considered so far. Note, that some function do not implement all dangle model but only a subset of (0,1,2,3). In particular, partition function algorithms can only handle 0 and 2. Read the documentation of the particular recurrences or energy evaluation function for information about the provided dangle model.

Type:

int

special_hp

Include special hairpin contributions for tri, tetra and hexaloops.

Type:

int

noLP

Only consider canonical structures, i.e. no ‘lonely’ base pairs.

Type:

int

noGU

Do not allow GU pairs.

Type:

int

noGUclosure

Do not allow loops to be closed by GU pair.

Type:

int

logML

Use logarithmic scaling for multiloops.

Type:

int

circ

Assume RNA to be circular instead of linear.

Type:

int

gquad

Include G-quadruplexes in structure prediction.

Type:

int

uniq_ML

Flag to ensure unique multi-branch loop decomposition during folding.

Type:

int

energy_set

Specifies the energy set that defines set of compatible base pairs.

Type:

int

backtrack

Specifies whether or not secondary structures should be backtraced.

Type:

int

backtrack_type

Specifies in which matrix to backtrack.

Type:

char

compute_bpp

Specifies whether or not backward recursions for base pair probability (bpp) computation will be performed.

Type:

int

nonstandards

contains allowed non standard bases

Type:

char

max_bp_span

maximum allowed base pair span

Type:

int

min_loop_size

Minimum size of hairpin loops.

The default value for this field is TURN, however, it may be 0 in cofolding context.

Type:

int

window_size

Size of the sliding window for locally optimal structure prediction.

Type:

int

oldAliEn

Use old alifold energy model.

Type:

int

ribo

Use ribosum scoring table in alifold energy model.

Type:

int

cv_fact

Co-variance scaling factor for consensus structure prediction.

Type:

double

nc_fact

Scaling factor to weight co-variance contributions of non-canonical pairs.

Type:

double

sfact

Scaling factor for partition function scaling.

Type:

double

rtype

Reverse base pair type array.

Type:

int

alias

alias of an integer nucleotide representation

Type:

short

pair

Integer representation of a base pair.

Type:

int

pair_dist

Base pair dissimilarity, a.k.a. distance matrix.

Type:

float

salt

Salt (monovalent) concentration (M) in buffer.

Type:

double

saltMLLower

Lower bound of multiloop size to use in loop salt correction linear fitting.

Type:

int

saltMLUpper

Upper bound of multiloop size to use in loop salt correction linear fitting.

Type:

int

saltDPXInit

User-provided salt correction for duplex initialization (in dcal/mol). If set to 99999 the default salt correction is used. If set to 0 there is no salt correction for duplex initialization.

Type:

int

saltDPXInitFact
Type:

float

helical_rise : float

backbone_length : float

C++ includes: ViennaRNA/model.h

property alias
property backbone_length
property backtrack
property backtrack_type
property betaScale
property circ
property compute_bpp
property cv_fact
property dangles
property energy_set
property gquad
property helical_rise
property logML
property max_bp_span
property min_loop_size
property nc_fact
property noGU
property noGUclosure
property noLP
property nonstandards
property oldAliEn
option_string()

Get a corresponding commandline parameter string of the options in a RNA.md().

Note

This function is not threadsafe!

property pair
property pf_smooth
reset()

Apply default model details to a provided RNA.md() data structure.

Use this function to initialize a RNA.md() data structure with its default values

property ribo
property rtype
property salt
property saltDPXInit
property saltDPXInitFact
property saltMLLower
property saltMLUpper
set_from_globals()
property sfact
property special_hp
property temperature
property thisown

The membership flag

property uniq_ML
property window_size
RNA.mean_bp_distance(length)

Get the mean base pair distance of the last partition function computation.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.fold_compound.mean_bp_distance() or RNA.mean_bp_distance_pr() instead!

Parameters:

length (int) –

Returns:

mean base pair distance in thermodynamic ensemble

Return type:

double

See also

RNA.fold_compound.mean_bp_distance, RNA.mean_bp_distance_pr

RNA.memmove(data, indata)
class RNA.move(pos_5=0, pos_3=0)

Bases: object

An atomic representation of the transition / move from one structure to its neighbor.

An atomic transition / move may be one of the following:

  • a base pair insertion,

  • a base pair removal, or

  • a base pair shift where an existing base pair changes one of its pairing partner.

These moves are encoded by two integer values that represent the affected 5’ and 3’ nucleotide positions. Furthermore, we use the following convention on the signedness of these encodings:

  • both values are positive for insertion moves

  • both values are negative for base pair removals

  • both values have different signedness for shift moves, where the positive value indicates the nucleotide that stays constant, and the others absolute value is the new pairing partner

Note

A value of 0 in either field is used as list-end indicator and doesn’t represent any valid move.

pos_5

The (absolute value of the) 5’ position of a base pair, or any position of a shifted pair.

Type:

int

pos_3

The (absolute value of the) 3’ position of a base pair, or any position of a shifted pair.

Type:

int

next

The next base pair (if an elementary move changes more than one base pair), or NULL Has to be terminated with move 0,0.

Type:

vrna_move_t *

C++ includes
Type:

ViennaRNA/landscape/move.h

compare(*args, **kwargs)

Compare two moves.

The function compares two moves m and b and returns whether move m is lexicographically smaller (-1), larger (1) or equal to move b.

If any of the moves m or b is a shift move, this comparison only makes sense in a structure context. Thus, the third argument with the current structure must be provided.

Parameters:

  • b (const RNA.move() *) – The second move of the comparison

  • pt (const short *) – The pair table of the current structure that is compatible with both moves (maybe NULL if moves are guaranteed to be no shifts)

Returns:

-1 if m < b, 1 if m > b, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

Warning

Currently, shift moves are not supported!

Note

This function returns 0 (equality) upon any error, e.g. missing input

is_insertion()

Test whether a move is a base pair insertion.

Returns:

Non-zero if the move is a base pair insertion, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

is_removal()

Test whether a move is a base pair removal.

Returns:

Non-zero if the move is a base pair removal, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

is_shift()

Test whether a move is a base pair shift.

Returns:

Non-zero if the move is a base pair shift, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

property pos_3
property pos_5
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.move_standard(char * seq, char * struc, enum MOVE_TYPE type, int verbosity_level, int shifts, int noLP) → char *
class RNA.mx_mfe

Bases: object

property Fc
property FcH
property FcI
property FcM
property c
property f3
property f5
property fM1
property fM2
property fML
property ggg
property length
property strands
property thisown

The membership flag

property type
class RNA.mx_pf

Bases: object

property G
property expMLbase
property length
property probs
property q
property q1k
property qb
property qho
property qio
property qln
property qm
property qm1
property qm2
property qmo
property qo
property scale
property thisown

The membership flag

property type
RNA.my_PS_rna_plot_snoop_a(std::string sequence, std::string structure, std::string filename, IntVector relative_access, StringVector seqs) → int
RNA.my_aln_consensus_sequence2(alignment, md_p=None)
RNA.naview_xy_coordinates(std::string arg1) → CoordinateVector
RNA.new_doubleP(nelements)
RNA.new_floatP(nelements)
RNA.new_intP(nelements)
RNA.new_shortP(nelements)
RNA.new_ushortP(nelements)
RNA.pack_structure(char const * s) → char *
class RNA.param(model_details=None)

Bases: object

The datastructure that contains temperature scaled energy parameters.

id
Type:

int

stack
Type:

int

hairpin
Type:

int

bulge
Type:

int

internal_loop
Type:

int

mismatchExt
Type:

int

mismatchI
Type:

int

mismatch1nI
Type:

int

mismatch23I
Type:

int

mismatchH
Type:

int

mismatchM
Type:

int

dangle5
Type:

int

dangle3
Type:

int

int11
Type:

int

int21
Type:

int

int22
Type:

int

ninio
Type:

int

lxc
Type:

double

MLbase
Type:

int

MLintern
Type:

int

MLclosing
Type:

int

TerminalAU
Type:

int

DuplexInit
Type:

int

Tetraloop_E
Type:

int

Tetraloops
Type:

char

Triloop_E
Type:

int

Triloops
Type:

char

Hexaloop_E
Type:

int

Hexaloops
Type:

char

TripleC
Type:

int

MultipleCA
Type:

int

MultipleCB
Type:

int

gquad
Type:

int

gquadLayerMismatch
Type:

int

gquadLayerMismatchMax
Type:

int

temperature

Temperature used for loop contribution scaling.

Type:

double

model_details

Model details to be used in the recursions.

Type:

vrna_md_t

param_file

The filename the parameters were derived from, or empty string if they represent the default.

Type:

char

SaltStack
Type:

int

SaltLoop
Type:

int

SaltLoopDbl
Type:

double

SaltMLbase
Type:

int

SaltMLintern
Type:

int

SaltMLclosing
Type:

int

SaltDPXInit
Type:

int

C++ includes
Type:

ViennaRNA/params/basic.h

property DuplexInit
property Hexaloop_E
property Hexaloops
property MLbase
property MLclosing
property MLintern
property MultipleCA
property MultipleCB
property SaltDPXInit
property SaltLoop
property SaltLoopDbl
property SaltMLbase
property SaltMLclosing
property SaltMLintern
property SaltStack
property TerminalAU
property Tetraloop_E
property Tetraloops
property Triloop_E
property Triloops
property TripleC
property bulge
property dangle3
property dangle5
property gquad
property gquadLayerMismatch
property gquadLayerMismatchMax
property hairpin
property id
property int11
property int21
property int22
property internal_loop
property lxc
property mismatch1nI
property mismatch23I
property mismatchExt
property mismatchH
property mismatchI
property mismatchM
property model_details
property ninio
property param_file
property stack
property temperature
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.params_load(std::string filename="", unsigned int options=) → int

Load energy parameters from a file.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as overloaded function **params_load**(fname=””, options=RNA.PARAMETER_FORMAT_DEFAULT). Here, the empty filename string indicates to load default RNA parameters, i.e. this is equivalent to calling RNA.params_load_defaults().

Parameters:

  • fname (const char) – The path to the file containing the energy parameters

  • options (unsigned int) – File format bit-mask (usually RNA.PARAMETER_FORMAT_DEFAULT)

Returns:

Non-zero on success, 0 on failure

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.params_load_from_string, RNA.params_save, RNA.params_load_defaults, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner2004, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner1999, RNA.params_load_RNA_Andronescu2007, RNA.params_load_RNA_Langdon2018, RNA.params_load_RNA_misc_special_hairpins, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews2004, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews1999

RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews1999()

Load Mathews 1999 DNA energy parameter set.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as function params_load_DNA_Mathews1999().

Returns:

Non-zero on success, 0 on failure

Return type:

int

Warning

This function also resets the default geometric parameters as stored in RNA.md() to those of DNA. Only subsequently initialized RNA.md() structures will be affected by this change.

See also

RNA.params_load, RNA.params_load_from_string, RNA.params_save, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner2004, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner1999, RNA.params_load_RNA_Andronescu2007, RNA.params_load_RNA_Langdon2018, RNA.params_load_RNA_misc_special_hairpins, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews2004, RNA.params_load_defaults

RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews2004()

Load Mathews 2004 DNA energy parameter set.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as function params_load_DNA_Mathews2004().

Returns:

Non-zero on success, 0 on failure

Return type:

int

Warning

This function also resets the default geometric parameters as stored in RNA.md() to those of DNA. Only subsequently initialized RNA.md() structures will be affected by this change.

See also

RNA.params_load, RNA.params_load_from_string, RNA.params_save, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner2004, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner1999, RNA.params_load_RNA_Andronescu2007, RNA.params_load_RNA_Langdon2018, RNA.params_load_RNA_misc_special_hairpins, RNA.params_load_defaults, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews1999

RNA.params_load_RNA_Andronescu2007()

Load Andronsecu 2007 RNA energy parameter set.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as function params_load_RNA_Andronescu2007().

Returns:

Non-zero on success, 0 on failure

Return type:

int

Warning

This function also resets the default geometric parameters as stored in RNA.md() to those of RNA. Only subsequently initialized RNA.md() structures will be affected by this change.

See also

RNA.params_load, RNA.params_load_from_string, RNA.params_save, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner2004, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner1999, RNA.params_load_defaults, RNA.params_load_RNA_Langdon2018, RNA.params_load_RNA_misc_special_hairpins, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews2004, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews1999

RNA.params_load_RNA_Langdon2018()

Load Langdon 2018 RNA energy parameter set.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as function params_load_RNA_Langdon2018().

Returns:

Non-zero on success, 0 on failure

Return type:

int

Warning

This function also resets the default geometric parameters as stored in RNA.md() to those of RNA. Only subsequently initialized RNA.md() structures will be affected by this change.

See also

RNA.params_load, RNA.params_load_from_string, RNA.params_save, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner2004, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner1999, RNA.params_load_RNA_Andronescu2007, RNA.params_load_defaults, RNA.params_load_RNA_misc_special_hairpins, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews2004, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews1999

RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner1999()

Load Turner 1999 RNA energy parameter set.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as function params_load_RNA_Turner1999().

Returns:

Non-zero on success, 0 on failure

Return type:

int

Warning

This function also resets the default geometric parameters as stored in RNA.md() to those of RNA. Only subsequently initialized RNA.md() structures will be affected by this change.

See also

RNA.params_load, RNA.params_load_from_string, RNA.params_save, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner2004, RNA.params_load_defaults, RNA.params_load_RNA_Andronescu2007, RNA.params_load_RNA_Langdon2018, RNA.params_load_RNA_misc_special_hairpins, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews2004, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews1999

RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner2004()

Load Turner 2004 RNA energy parameter set.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as function params_load_RNA_Turner2004().

Returns:

Non-zero on success, 0 on failure

Return type:

int

Warning

This function also resets the default geometric parameters as stored in RNA.md() to those of RNA. Only subsequently initialized RNA.md() structures will be affected by this change.

See also

RNA.params_load, RNA.params_load_from_string, RNA.params_save, RNA.params_load_defaults, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner1999, RNA.params_load_RNA_Andronescu2007, RNA.params_load_RNA_Langdon2018, RNA.params_load_RNA_misc_special_hairpins, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews2004, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews1999

RNA.params_load_RNA_misc_special_hairpins()

Load Misc Special Hairpin RNA energy parameter set.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as function params_load_RNA_misc_special_hairpins().

Returns:

Non-zero on success, 0 on failure

Return type:

int

Warning

This function also resets the default geometric parameters as stored in RNA.md() to those of RNA. Only subsequently initialized RNA.md() structures will be affected by this change.

See also

RNA.params_load, RNA.params_load_from_string, RNA.params_save, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner2004, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner1999, RNA.params_load_RNA_Andronescu2007, RNA.params_load_RNA_Langdon2018, RNA.params_load_defaults, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews2004, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews1999

RNA.params_load_from_string(std::string parameters, std::string name="", unsigned int options=) → int

Load energy paramters from string.

The string must follow the default energy parameter file convention! The optional name argument allows one to specify a name for the parameter set which is stored internally.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as overloaded function **params_load_from_string**(string, name=””, options=RNA.PARAMETER_FORMAT_DEFAULT).

Parameters:

  • string (string) – A 0-terminated string containing energy parameters

  • name (string) – A name for the parameter set in string (Maybe NULL)

  • options (unsigned int) – File format bit-mask (usually RNA.PARAMETER_FORMAT_DEFAULT)

Returns:

Non-zero on success, 0 on failure

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.params_load, RNA.params_save, RNA.params_load_defaults, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner2004, RNA.params_load_RNA_Turner1999, RNA.params_load_RNA_Andronescu2007, RNA.params_load_RNA_Langdon2018, RNA.params_load_RNA_misc_special_hairpins, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews2004, RNA.params_load_DNA_Mathews1999

RNA.params_save(std::string filename, unsigned int options=) → int

Save energy parameters to a file.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as overloaded function **params_save**(fname, options=RNA.PARAMETER_FORMAT_DEFAULT).

Parameters:

  • fname (const char) – A filename (path) for the file where the current energy parameters will be written to

  • options (unsigned int) – File format bit-mask (usually RNA.PARAMETER_FORMAT_DEFAULT)

Returns:

Non-zero on success, 0 on failure

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.params_load

RNA.parse_structure(structure)

Collects a statistic of structure elements of the full structure in bracket notation.

The function writes to the following global variables: loop_size, loop_degree, helix_size, loops, pairs, unpaired

Parameters:

structure (string) –

class RNA.path(*args, **kwargs)

Bases: object

property en
property move
property s
property thisown

The membership flag

property type
class RNA.path_options

Bases: object

property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.path_options_findpath(*args, **kwargs)

Create options data structure for findpath direct (re-)folding path heuristic.

This function returns an options data structure that switches the RNA.path_direct() and RNA.fold_compound.path_direct() API functions to use the *findpath*[8] heuristic. The parameter width specifies the width of the breadth-first search while the second parameter type allows one to set the type of the returned (re-)folding path.

Currently, the following return types are available:

  • A list of dot-bracket structures and corresponding free energy (flag: RNA.PATH_TYPE_DOT_BRACKET)

  • A list of transition moves and corresponding free energy changes (flag: RNA.PATH_TYPE_MOVES)

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as overloaded function path_options_findpath(). The optional parameter width defaults to 10 if omitted, while the optional parameter type defaults to RNA.PATH_TYPE_DOT_BRACKET.

Parameters:

  • width (int) – Width of the breath-first search strategy

  • type (unsigned int) – Setting that specifies how the return (re-)folding path should be encoded

Returns:

An options data structure with settings for the findpath direct path heuristic

Return type:

RNA.path_options()

See also

RNA.PATH_TYPE_DOT_BRACKET, RNA.PATH_TYPE_MOVES, RNA.path_options_free, RNA.path_direct, RNA.fold_compound.path_direct

RNA.pbacktrack(sequence)

Sample a secondary structure from the Boltzmann ensemble according its probability.

Precondition

st_back has to be set to 1 before calling pf_fold() or pf_fold_par() pf_fold_par() or pf_fold() have to be called first to fill the partition function matrices

Parameters:

sequence (string) – The RNA sequence

Returns:

A sampled secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

Return type:

string

RNA.pbacktrack5(sequence, length)

Sample a sub-structure from the Boltzmann ensemble according its probability.

RNA.pbacktrack_circ(sequence)

Sample a secondary structure of a circular RNA from the Boltzmann ensemble according its probability.

This function does the same as pbacktrack() but assumes the RNA molecule to be circular

Precondition

st_back has to be set to 1 before calling pf_fold() or pf_fold_par() pf_fold_par() or pf_circ_fold() have to be called first to fill the partition function matrices

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.fold_compound.pbacktrack() instead.

Parameters:

sequence (string) – The RNA sequence

Returns:

A sampled secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

Return type:

string

class RNA.pbacktrack_mem

Bases: object

property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.pf_add(dG1, dG2, kT=0)
RNA.pf_circ_fold(*args)
RNA.pf_float_precision()

Find out whether partition function computations are using single precision floating points.

Returns:

1 if single precision is used, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

See also

double

RNA.pf_fold(*args)
RNA.pfl_fold(std::string sequence, int w, int L, double cutoff) → ElemProbVector

Compute base pair probabilities using a sliding-window approach.

This is a simplified wrapper to RNA.fold_compound.probs_window() that given a nucleid acid sequence, a window size, a maximum base pair span, and a cutoff value computes the pair probabilities for any base pair in any window. The pair probabilities are returned as a list and the user has to take care to free() the memory occupied by the list.

Parameters:

  • sequence (string) – The nucleic acid input sequence

  • window_size (int) – The size of the sliding window

  • max_bp_span (int) – The maximum distance along the backbone between two nucleotides that form a base pairs

  • cutoff (float) – A cutoff value that omits all pairs with lower probability

Returns:

A list of base pair probabilities, terminated by an entry with RNA.ep().i and RNA.ep().j set to 0

Return type:

RNA.ep() *

See also

RNA.fold_compound.probs_window, RNA.pfl_fold_cb, RNA.pfl_fold_up

Note

This function uses default model settings! For custom model settings, we refer to the function RNA.fold_compound.probs_window().

In case of any computation errors, this function returns NULL

RNA.pfl_fold_cb(std::string sequence, int window_size, int max_bp_span, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data=Py_None) → int
RNA.pfl_fold_up(std::string sequence, int ulength, int window_size, int max_bp_span) → DoubleDoubleVector

Compute probability of contiguous unpaired segments.

This is a simplified wrapper to RNA.fold_compound.probs_window() that given a nucleic acid sequence, a maximum length of unpaired segments (ulength), a window size, and a maximum base pair span computes the equilibrium probability of any segment not exceeding ulength. The probabilities to be unpaired are returned as a 1-based, 2-dimensional matrix with dimensions \(N \times M\), where \(N\) is the length of the sequence and \(M\) is the maximum segment length. As an example, the probability of a segment of size 5 starting at position 100 is stored in the matrix entry \(X[100][5]\).

It is the users responsibility to free the memory occupied by this matrix.

Parameters:

  • sequence (string) – The nucleic acid input sequence

  • ulength (int) – The maximal length of an unpaired segment

  • window_size (int) – The size of the sliding window

  • max_bp_span (int) – The maximum distance along the backbone between two nucleotides that form a base pairs

Returns:

The probabilities to be unpaired for any segment not exceeding ulength

Return type:

list-like(list-like(double))

Note

This function uses default model settings! For custom model settings, we refer to the function RNA.fold_compound.probs_window().

RNA.pfl_fold_up_cb(std::string sequence, int ulength, int window_size, int max_bp_span, PyObject * PyFunc, PyObject * data=Py_None) → int
RNA.plist(std::string structure, float pr) → ElemProbVector

Create a RNA.ep() from a dot-bracket string.

The dot-bracket string is parsed and for each base pair an entry in the plist is created. The probability of each pair in the list is set by a function parameter.

The end of the plist is marked by sequence positions i as well as j equal to 0. This condition should be used to stop looping over its entries

Parameters:

  • struc (string) – The secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • pr (float) – The probability for each base pair used in the plist

Returns:

The plist array

Return type:

RNA.ep() *

RNA.plot_dp_EPS(*args, **kwargs)

Produce an encapsulate PostScript (EPS) dot-plot from one or two lists of base pair probabilities.

This function reads two RNA.ep() lists upper and lower (e.g. base pair probabilities and a secondary structure) and produces an EPS “dot plot” with filename ‘filename’ where data from upper is placed in the upper-triangular and data from lower is placed in the lower triangular part of the matrix.

For default output, provide the flag RNA.PLOT_PROBABILITIES_DEFAULT as options parameter.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as overloaded function plot_dp_EPS() where the last three parameters may be omitted. The default values for these parameters are lower = NULL, auxdata = NULL, options = RNA.PLOT_PROBABILITIES_DEFAULT

Parameters:

  • filename (string) – A filename for the EPS output

  • sequence (string) – The RNA sequence

  • upper (RNA.ep() *) – The base pair probabilities for the upper triangular part

  • lower (RNA.ep() *) – The base pair probabilities for the lower triangular part

  • options (unsigned int) – Options indicating which of the input data should be included in the dot-plot

Returns:

1 if EPS file was successfully written, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.plist, RNA.fold_compound.plist_from_probs, RNA.PLOT_PROBABILITIES_DEFAULT

RNA.print_bppm(T)

print string representation of probability profile

RNA.print_tree(t)

Print a tree (mainly for debugging)

RNA.profile_edit_distance(T1, T2)

Align the 2 probability profiles T1, T2 .

This is like a Needleman-Wunsch alignment, we should really use affine gap-costs ala Gotoh

RNA.pt_pk_remove(IntVector pt, unsigned int options=0) → IntVector
RNA.pt_pk_remove(varArrayShort pt, unsigned int options=0) → varArrayShort

Remove pseudo-knots from a pair table.

This function removes pseudo-knots from an input structure by determining the minimum number of base pairs that need to be removed to make the structure pseudo-knot free.

To accomplish that, we use a dynamic programming algorithm similar to the Nussinov maxmimum matching approach.

Parameters:

  • ptable (const short *) – Input structure that may include pseudo-knots

  • options (unsigned int) –

Returns:

The input structure devoid of pseudo-knots

Return type:

list-like(int)

See also

RNA.db_pk_remove

RNA.ptable(std::string str, unsigned int options=) → varArrayShort

Create a pair table for a secondary structure string.

This function takes an input string of a secondary structure annotation in Dot-Bracket Notation (a.k.a. Dot-Parenthesis Notation) or dot-bracket-ext-notation, and converts it into a pair table representation.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This functions is wrapped as overloaded function ptable() that takes an optional argument options to specify which type of matching brackets should be considered during conversion. The default set is round brackets, i.e. RNA.BRACKETS_RND.

Parameters:

  • structure (string) – Secondary structure in dot-bracket-ext-notation

  • options (unsigned int) – A bitmask to specify which brackets are recognized during conversion to pair table

Returns:

A pointer to a new pair table of the provided secondary structure

Return type:

list-like(int)

See also

RNA.ptable, RNA.db_from_ptable, RNA.db_flatten_to, RNA.pt_pk_remove, RNA.BRACKETS_ANG, RNA.BRACKETS_CLY, RNA.BRACKETS_SQR, RNA.BRACKETS_ALPHA, RNA.BRACKETS_DEFAULT, RNA.BRACKETS_ANY

Note

This function also extracts crossing base pairs, i.e. pseudo-knots if more than a single matching bracket type is allowed through the bitmask options.

RNA.ptable_pk(std::string str) → IntVector

Create a pair table of a secondary structure (pseudo-knot version)

Returns a newly allocated table, such that table[i]=j if (i.j) pair or 0 if i is unpaired, table[0] contains the length of the structure.

In contrast to RNA.ptable() this function also recognizes the base pairs denoted by ‘[’ and ‘]’ brackets. Thus, this function behaves like

Parameters:

structure (string) – The secondary structure in (extended) dot-bracket notation

Returns:

A pointer to the created pair_table

Return type:

list-like(int)

See also

RNA.ptable_from_string

RNA.random_string(l, symbols)

Create a random string using characters from a specified symbol set.

Parameters:

  • l (int) – The length of the sequence

  • symbols (const char) – The symbol set

Returns:

A random string of length ‘l’ containing characters from the symbolset

Return type:

string

RNA.read_parameter_file(fname)

Read energy parameters from a file.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.params_load() instead!

Parameters:

fname (const char) – The path to the file containing the energy parameters

RNA.read_record(header, sequence, rest, options)

Get a data record from stdin.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: This function is deprecated! Use RNA.file_fasta_read_record() as a replacment.

RNA.rotational_symmetry(*args)

Determine the order of rotational symmetry for a NULL-terminated string of ASCII characters.

The algorithm applies a fast search of the provided string within itself, assuming the end of the string wraps around to connect with it’s start. For example, a string of the form AABAAB has rotational symmetry of order 2

If the argument positions is not NULL, the function stores an array of string start positions for rotational shifts that map the string back onto itself. This array has length of order of rotational symmetry, i.e. the number returned by this function. The first element positions`[0] always contains a shift value of `0 representing the trivial rotation.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as overloaded global function rotational_symmetry(). It merges the functionalities of RNA.rotational_symmetry(), RNA.rotational_symmetry_pos(), RNA.rotational_symmetry_num(), and RNA.rotational_symmetry_pos_num(). In contrast to our C-implementation, this function doesn’t return the order of rotational symmetry as a single value, but returns a list of cyclic permutation shifts that result in a rotationally symmetric string. The length of the list then determines the order of rotational symmetry.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – A NULL-terminated string of characters

  • positions (list-like(list-like(unsigned int))) – A pointer to an (undefined) list of alternative string start positions that lead to an identity mapping (may be NULL)

Returns:

The order of rotational symmetry

Return type:

unsigned int

See also

RNA.rotational_symmetry, RNA.rotational_symmetry_num, RNA.rotational_symmetry_num_pos

Note

Do not forget to release the memory occupied by positions after a successful execution of this function.

RNA.salt_duplex_init(md)

Get salt correction for duplex initialization at a given salt concentration.

Parameters:

md (RNA.md() *) – Model details data structure that specfifies salt concentration in buffer (M)

Returns:

Rounded correction for duplex initialization in dcal/mol

Return type:

int

RNA.salt_loop(L, salt, T, backbonelen)

Get salt correction for a loop at a given salt concentration and temperature.

Parameters:

  • L (int) – backbone number in loop

  • salt (double) – salt concentration (M)

  • T (double) – absolute temperature (K)

  • backbonelen (double) – Backbone Length, phosphate-to-phosphate distance (typically 6 for RNA, 6.76 for DNA)

Returns:

Salt correction for loop in dcal/mol

Return type:

double

RNA.salt_loop_int(L, salt, T, backbonelen)

Get salt correction for a loop at a given salt concentration and temperature.

This functions is same as RNA.salt_loop but returns rounded salt correction in integer

Parameters:

  • L (int) – backbone number in loop

  • salt (double) – salt concentration (M)

  • T (double) – absolute temperature (K)

  • backbonelen (double) – Backbone Length, phosphate-to-phosphate distance (typically 6 for RNA, 6.76 for DNA)

Returns:

Rounded salt correction for loop in dcal/mol

Return type:

int

See also

RNA.salt_loop

RNA.salt_ml(saltLoop, lower, upper, m, b)

Fit linear function to loop salt correction.

For a given range of loop size (backbone number), we perform a linear fitting on loop salt correction

\[\text{Loop correction} \approx m \cdot L + b.\]
Parameters:

  • saltLoop (double) – List of loop salt correction of size from 1

  • lower (int) – Define the size lower bound for fitting

  • upper (int) – Define the size upper bound for fitting

  • m (int *) – pointer to store the parameter m in fitting result

  • b (int *) – pointer to store the parameter b in fitting result

See also

RNA.salt_loop

RNA.salt_stack(salt, T, hrise)

Get salt correction for a stack at a given salt concentration and temperature.

Parameters:

  • salt (double) – salt concentration (M)

  • T (double) – absolute temperature (K)

  • hrise (double) – Helical Rise (typically 2.8 for RNA, 3.4 for DNA)

Returns:

Rounded salt correction for stack in dcal/mol

Return type:

int

RNA.sc_add_bt_pycallback(vc, PyFunc)
RNA.sc_add_exp_f_pycallback(vc, PyFunc)
RNA.sc_add_f_pycallback(vc, callback)
RNA.sc_add_pydata(vc, data, callback)
class RNA.sc_mod_param(json, md=None)

Bases: object

available
Type:

unsigned int

name
Type:

string

one_letter_code
Type:

char

unmodified
Type:

char

fallback
Type:

char

pairing_partners
Type:

char

pairing_partners_encoding
Type:

unsigned int

unmodified_encoding
Type:

unsigned int

fallback_encoding
Type:

unsigned int

num_ptypes
Type:

size_t

ptypes
Type:

size_t

stack_dG
Type:

int

stack_dH
Type:

int

dangle5_dG
Type:

int

dangle5_dH
Type:

int

dangle3_dG
Type:

int

dangle3_dH
Type:

int

mismatch_dG
Type:

int

mismatch_dH
Type:

int

terminal_dG
Type:

int

terminal_dH
Type:

int

property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.sc_mod_parameters_free(params)

Release memory occupied by a modified base parameter data structure.

Properly free a RNA.sc_mod_param() data structure

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as function sc_mod_parameters_free()

Parameters:

params (RNA.sc_mod_param()) – The data structure to free

RNA.sc_mod_read_from_json(json, md=None)

Parse and extract energy parameters for a modified base from a JSON string.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as an overloaded function sc_mod_read_from_json() where the md parameter may be omitted

Parameters:

  • filename – The JSON file containing the specifications of the modified base

  • md (RNA.md() *) – A model-details data structure (for look-up of canonical base pairs)

Returns:

Parameters of the modified base

Return type:

RNA.sc_mod_param()

See also

RNA.sc_mod_read_from_jsonfile, RNA.sc_mod_parameters_free, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod, JSON, Parameter, for

RNA.sc_mod_read_from_jsonfile(filename, md=None)

Parse and extract energy parameters for a modified base from a JSON file.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

This function is available as an overloaded function sc_mod_read_from_jsonfile() where the md parameter may be omitted

Parameters:

  • filename (string) – The JSON file containing the specifications of the modified base

  • md (RNA.md() *) – A model-details data structure (for look-up of canonical base pairs)

Returns:

Parameters of the modified base

Return type:

RNA.sc_mod_param()

See also

RNA.sc_mod_read_from_json, RNA.sc_mod_parameters_free, RNA.fold_compound.sc_mod, JSON, Parameter, Modified

RNA.seq_encode(std::string sequence, md md_p=None) → IntVector

Get a numerical representation of the nucleotide sequence.

SWIG Wrapper Notes

In the target scripting language, this function is wrapped as overloaded function seq_encode() where the last parameter, the model_details data structure, is optional. If it is omitted, default model settings are applied, i.e. default nucleotide letter conversion. The wrapped function returns a list/tuple of integer representations of the input sequence.

Parameters:

  • sequence (string) – The input sequence in upper-case letters

  • md (RNA.md() *) – A pointer to a RNA.md() data structure that specifies the conversion type

Returns:

A list of integer encodings for each sequence letter (1-based). Position 0 denotes the length of the list

Return type:

list-like(int)

RNA.settype(s)
RNA.shortP_getitem(ary, index)
RNA.shortP_setitem(ary, index, value)
RNA.simple_circplot_coordinates(std::string arg1) → CoordinateVector
RNA.simple_xy_coordinates(*args)

Calculate nucleotide coordinates for secondary structure plot the Simple way

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Consider switching to RNA.plot_coords_simple_pt() instead!

See also

make_pair_table, rna_plot_type, simple_circplot_coordinates, naview_xy_coordinates, RNA.file_PS_rnaplot_a, RNA.file_PS_rnaplot, svg_rna_plot

Parameters:

  • pair_table (list-like(int)) – The pair table of the secondary structure

  • X (list-like(double)) – a pointer to an array with enough allocated space to hold the x coordinates

  • Y (list-like(double)) – a pointer to an array with enough allocated space to hold the y coordinates

Returns:

length of sequence on success, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

RNA.ssv_rna_plot(string, structure, ssfile)

Produce a secondary structure graph in SStructView format.

Write coord file for SStructView

Parameters:

  • string (string) – The RNA sequence

  • structure (string) – The secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • ssfile (string) – The filename of the ssv output

Returns:

1 on success, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

RNA.string_edit_distance(T1, T2)

Calculate the string edit distance of T1 and T2.

Parameters:

  • T1 (swString *) –

  • T2 (swString *) –

Return type:

float

RNA.strtrim(char * seq_mutable, char const * delimiters=None, unsigned int keep=0, unsigned int options=) → unsigned int

Trim a string by removing (multiple) occurences of a particular character.

This function removes (multiple) consecutive occurences of a set of characters (delimiters) within an input string. It may be used to remove leading and/or trailing whitespaces or to restrict the maximum number of consecutive occurences of the delimiting characters delimiters. Setting keep=0 removes all occurences, while other values reduce multiple consecutive occurences to at most keep delimiters. This might be useful if one would like to reduce multiple whitespaces to a single one, or to remove empty fields within a comma-separated value string.

The parameter delimiters may be a pointer to a 0-terminated char string containing a set of any ASCII character. If NULL is passed as delimiter set or an empty char string, all whitespace characters are trimmed. The options parameter is a bit vector that specifies which part of the string should undergo trimming. The implementation distinguishes the leading (RNA.TRIM_LEADING), trailing (RNA.TRIM_TRAILING), and in-between (RNA.TRIM_IN_BETWEEN) part with respect to the delimiter set. Combinations of these parts can be specified by using logical-or operator.

The following example code removes all leading and trailing whitespace characters from the input string:

SWIG Wrapper Notes

Since many scripting languages treat strings as immutable objects, this function does not modify the input string directly. Instead, it returns the modified string as second return value, together with the number of removed delimiters.

The scripting language interface provides an overloaded version of this function, with default parameters delimiters=NULL, keep=0, and options=RNA.TRIM_DEFAULT.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – The ‘0’-terminated input string to trim

  • delimiters (string) – The delimiter characters as 0-terminated char array (or NULL)

  • keep (unsigned int) – The maximum number of consecutive occurences of the delimiter in the output string

  • options (unsigned int) – The option bit vector specifying the mode of operation

Returns:

The number of delimiters removed from the string

Return type:

unsigned int

See also

RNA.TRIM_LEADING, RNA.TRIM_TRAILING, RNA.TRIM_IN_BETWEEN, RNA.TRIM_SUBST_BY_FIRST, RNA.TRIM_DEFAULT, RNA.TRIM_ALL

Note

The delimiter always consists of a single character from the set of characters provided. In case of alternative delimiters and non-null keep parameter, the first keep delimiters are preserved within the string. Use RNA.TRIM_SUBST_BY_FIRST to substitute all remaining delimiting characters with the first from the delimiters list.

class RNA.struct_en

Bases: object

Data structure for energy_of_move()

energy
Type:

int

structure
Type:

list-like(int)

C++ includes
Type:

ViennaRNA/move_set.h

property energy
property structure
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.subopt(*args)
class RNA.subopt_solution

Bases: object

property energy
property structure
property thisown

The membership flag

RNA.svg_rna_plot(string, structure, ssfile)

Produce a secondary structure plot in SVG format and write it to a file.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – The RNA sequence

  • structure (string) – The secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • ssfile (string) – The filename of the svg output

Returns:

1 on success, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

RNA.tree_edit_distance(T1, T2)

Calculates the edit distance of the two trees.

Parameters:

  • T1 (Tree *) –

  • T2 (Tree *) –

Return type:

float

RNA.tree_string_to_db(structure)

Convert a linear tree string representation of a secondary structure back to Dot-Bracket notation.

Parameters:

tree (string) – A linear tree string representation of a secondary structure

Returns:

A dot-bracket notation of the secondary structure provided in tree

Return type:

string

Warning

This function only accepts Expanded and HIT tree representations!

See also

RNA.db_to_tree_string, RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_EXPANDED, RNA.STRUCTURE_TREE_HIT, Tree, Representations

RNA.tree_string_unweight(structure)

Remove weights from a linear string tree representation of a secondary structure.

This function strips the weights of a linear string tree representation such as HIT, or Coarse Grained Tree sensu Shapiro [27]

Parameters:

structure (string) – A linear string tree representation of a secondary structure with weights

Returns:

A linear string tree representation of a secondary structure without weights

Return type:

string

See also

RNA.db_to_tree_string

RNA.ubf_eval_ext_int_loop(i, j, p, q, i1, j1, p1, q1, si, sj, sp, sq, type, type_2, length, P, sc)
RNA.ubf_eval_int_loop(i, j, p, q, i1, j1, p1, q1, si, sj, sp, sq, type, type_2, rtype, ij, cp, P, sc)
RNA.ubf_eval_int_loop2(i, j, p, q, i1, j1, p1, q1, si, sj, sp, sq, type, type_2, rtype, ij, sn, ss, P, sc)
RNA.ud_set_exp_prod_cb(vc, prod_cb, eval_cb)
RNA.ud_set_prob_cb(vc, setter, getter)
RNA.ud_set_prod_cb(vc, prod_cb, eval_cb)
RNA.ud_set_pydata(vc, data, PyFuncOrNone)
RNA.unexpand_Full(ffull)

Restores the bracket notation from an expanded full or HIT tree, that is any tree using only identifiers ‘U’ ‘P’ and ‘R’.

Parameters:

ffull (string) –

Return type:

string

RNA.unexpand_aligned_F(align)

Converts two aligned structures in expanded notation.

Takes two aligned structures as produced by tree_edit_distance() function back to bracket notation with ‘_’ as the gap character. The result overwrites the input.

Parameters:

align (string) –

RNA.unpack_structure(char const * packed) → char *
RNA.unweight(wcoarse)

Strip weights from any weighted tree.

Parameters:

wcoarse (string) –

Return type:

string

RNA.update_co_pf_params(length)

Recalculate energy parameters.

This function recalculates all energy parameters given the current model settings.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.fold_compound.exp_params_subst() instead!

Parameters:

length (int) – Length of the current RNA sequence

RNA.update_cofold_params()

Recalculate parameters.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: See RNA.fold_compound.params_subst() for an alternative using the new API

RNA.update_fold_params()

Recalculate energy parameters.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: For non-default model settings use the new API with RNA.fold_compound.params_subst() and

RNA.fold_compound.mfe() instead!

RNA.update_pf_params(length)

Recalculate energy parameters.

Call this function to recalculate the pair matrix and energy parameters after a change in folding parameters like temperature

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.fold_compound.exp_params_subst() instead

RNA.urn()

get a random number from [0..1]

Returns:

A random number in range [0..1]

Return type:

double

See also

RNA.int_urn, RNA.init_rand, RNA.init_rand_seed

Note

Usually implemented by calling erand48().

RNA.ushortP_getitem(ary, index)
RNA.ushortP_setitem(ary, index, value)
class RNA.varArrayChar(d, type)

Bases: object

get(i)
size()
property thisown

The membership flag

type()
class RNA.varArrayFLTorDBL(d, type)

Bases: object

get(i)
size()
property thisown

The membership flag

type()
class RNA.varArrayInt(d, type)

Bases: object

get(i)
size()
property thisown

The membership flag

type()
class RNA.varArrayMove(d, type)

Bases: object

get(i)
size()
property thisown

The membership flag

type()
class RNA.varArrayShort(*args)

Bases: object

get(i)
size()
property thisown

The membership flag

type()
class RNA.varArrayUChar(d, type)

Bases: object

get(i)
size()
property thisown

The membership flag

type()
class RNA.varArrayUInt(d, type)

Bases: object

get(i)
size()
property thisown

The membership flag

type()
class RNA.var_array_Iterator(var_arr)

Bases: object

next()
RNA.write_parameter_file(fname)

Write energy parameters to a file.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: Use RNA.params_save() instead!

Parameters:

fname (const char) – A filename (path) for the file where the current energy parameters will be written to

RNA.xrna_plot(string, structure, ssfile)

Produce a secondary structure plot for further editing in XRNA.

Parameters:

  • string (string) – The RNA sequence

  • structure (string) – The secondary structure in dot-bracket notation

  • ssfile (string) – The filename of the xrna output

Returns:

1 on success, 0 otherwise

Return type:

int

RNA.zukersubopt(string)

Compute Zuker type suboptimal structures.

Compute Suboptimal structures according to M. Zuker, i.e. for every possible base pair the minimum energy structure containing the resp. base pair. Returns a list of these structures and their energies.

Deprecated since version 2.6.3: use RNA.zukersubopt() instead

Parameters:

string (string) – RNA sequence

Returns:

List of zuker suboptimal structures

Return type:

SOLUTION *